Items tagged “cardiology”
190 results found
Article
Cardiac fibroma
Cardiac fibromas, also known as cardiac fibromatosis, are benign congenital cardiac tumors that usually manifest in children.
Epidemiology
Cardiac fibromas are tumors that primarily affect children (most cases are detected in infants or in utero) with a ratio of 4:1 compared with adults 5. Th...
Article
Cardiac herniation
Cardiac herniation refers to herniation of the heart outside its expected position. It can be intrathoracic or extrathoracic.
Pathology
A cardiac herniation secondary to pericardial rupture is rare, but a highly lethal injury with most patients dying before arrival at a hospital.
Diagnosis in...
Article
Cardiac lipoma
Cardiac lipomas are uncommon benign primary cardiac neoplasms although they are considered the commonest non-myxomatous benign primary cardiac tumor 8.
Epidemiology
They have no defined age or sex distribution.
Clinical presentation
They are soft and may grow to a large size without causing ...
Article
Cardiac conduction devices
Implantable cardiac conduction devices (also known as cardiac implantable electronic devices or CIEDs) are a very common medical device of the thorax, with over one million implanted in the United States of America alone.
There are two major types of cardiac conduction devices: pacemakers and a...
Article
Rhabdomyosarcoma (cardiac)
Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma is a muscular tumor that arises in the heart.
Epidemiology
They account for only 4-7% of cardiac sarcomas overall but are the most common cardiac malignancy in infants and children. There is a slight male predilection.
Pathology
Location
Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma has...
Article
Pneumopericardium
Pneumopericardium represents gas (usually air) within the pericardium, thus surrounding the heart.
Pathology
Etiology
Underlying causes include:
positive pressure ventilation
thoracic surgery/pericardial fluid drainage
penetrating trauma
blunt trauma (rare)
infectious per...
Article
Anomalous course of coronary arteries
Anomalous course of a coronary artery is a type of congenital coronary artery anomaly. It may represent a benign and incidental finding, but rarely it is a malignant course predisposing patients to life-threatening myocardial ischemia or arrhythmias, depending on where the artery runs.
Clinica...
Article
Congenital coronary artery anomalies
Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CCAAs) are not common, found only in ~1% (range 0.1-2%) of patients 1,3.
The major anomalies are due to abnormal course, abnormal origin or a combination of both.
The most important finding to look for is the "malignant" course of the anomalous coronary ar...
Article
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade is the result of an accumulation of fluid, pus, blood, gas, or benign or malignant neoplastic tissue within the pericardial cavity, which can occur either rapidly or gradually over time, but eventually, results in impaired cardiac output.
This is to be distinguished from a per...
Case
Aortic dissection with rupture into pericardium
Published
19 Nov 2010
86% complete
CT
Case
Anomalous right coronary artery (ARCA) with interarterial course
Published
23 Nov 2010
92% complete
CT
Article
Congenital syndromes associated with enlarged ventricles
Congenital ventriculomegaly can have a large number of syndromic associations.
Common
acrocephalosyndactylies
Apert syndrome
Pfeiffer syndrome
acrocephalopolysyndactylies
Crouzon syndrome
achondroplasia
fetal alcohol syndrome
lissencephaly
osteopetrosis
Sotos syndrome
X-linked hyd...
Case
Secundum atrial septal defect
Published
15 Dec 2010
62% complete
CT
Case
Pericardial metastasis
Published
16 Dec 2010
77% complete
CT
Article
Cardiac amyloidosis
Cardiac amyloidosis (plural: amyloidoses) is a significant source of morbidity among patients with systemic amyloidosis and is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy outside the tropics.
Pathology
Amyloidosis represents the extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrillar proteinac...
Article
Intracardiac thrombus
Intracardiac thrombi are seen in a variety of clinical settings and can result in severe morbidity or even death from embolic events. They can occur following myocardial infarction with ventricular thrombus formation, or with atrial fibrillation and mitral stenosis where atrial thrombi predomina...
Article
Cardiomegaly
Cardiomegaly is a catch-all term to refer to enlargement of the heart, and should not be confused with causes of enlargement of the cardiomediastinal outline, or enlargement of the cardiac silhouette.
Pathology
Etiology
There are many etiologies for cardiomegaly:
congestive heart failure...
Article
Cardiac curriculum
The cardiac curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core cardiac knowledge.
Definition
Topics pertaining to the heart and pericardium, but excluding the mediastinum (see: chest curriculum) and great vessels (see: vascular curricul...
Case
Posterior urethral valves
Published
08 Jan 2011
79% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Posterior urethral valves
Posterior urethral valves (PUV), also referred to as congenital obstructing posterior urethral membranes (COPUM), are the most common congenital obstructive lesion of the urethra and a common cause of obstructive uropathy in infancy.
Epidemiology
Posterior urethral valves are congenital and on...
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