Items tagged “case1”

95 results found
Article

Anterior hip pain

Causes of anterior hip pain include: osteoarthritis synovitis including synovial osteochondromatosis inflammatory arthropathy (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) iliopsoas bursitis ganglion cyst synovial cyst muscle tear malignancy tenosynovial giant ce...
Article

Delphian lymph node

The Delphian (prelaryngeal/precricoid) lymph node (often shortened to Delphian node) is one of the cervical lymph node groups that comprise level VI cervical lymph nodes and is not routinely excised in radical neck dissections. Gross anatomy The Delphian lymph node is located between the crico...
Article

Fatty nodal metaplasia

Fatty nodal metaplasia in the neck occurs as a result of chronic inflammation or radiotherapy 3. The normal fatty nodal hilum enlarges, such that the lymph node appears cystic. However, its center is of fatty density. There is no surrounding stranding, and the node otherwise looks normal. Diffe...
Article

Piriformis syndrome

Piriformis syndrome is a rare entrapment neuropathy resulting in radicular pain radiating into the buttock and hamstrings. The entity is controversial as are the putative causes. Clinical presentation Sciatic pain reproduced on passive internal rotation/adduction of a flexed hip is considered ...
Article

Suzuki staging system for moyamoya disease

The staging system for moyamoya disease was first described by Suzuki and Takaku in their seminal 1969 article 1 and is still in use today. Formally, the staging refers to findings on conventional angiography, although there are efforts to apply similar systems to MR angiography 2. Classificati...
Article

Cognard classification of dural arteriovenous fistulas

The Cognard classification of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) correlates venous drainage patterns with increasingly aggressive neurological clinical course and stratifies the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. It was first described in 1995 1 and at the time of writing (July 2016) is probably...
Article

Extensor hallucis longus muscle

Extensor hallucis longus is a thin muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus. Summary origin: anterior surface of the middle half of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane insertion: the dorsal side of the base of the dist...
Article

Parinaud syndrome

Parinaud syndrome, also known as dorsal midbrain syndrome, is a supranuclear vertical gaze disturbance caused by pathology of the dorsal midbrain region, often, but not exclusively, via compression of the superior tectal plate. Clinical presentation Parinaud syndrome is characterized by a clas...
Article

Tuberous sclerosis (diagnostic criteria)

The tuberous sclerosis diagnostic criteria have been developed to aid the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis and have been updated in 2012 by the International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group (at time of writing - 2019) 1.  Diagnosis Genetic criteria The identification of either a TSC...
Article

MR arthrogram solution

MR arthrogram solution is a gadolinium-containing mixture injected into a joint for MR arthrography.  Terminology Fluoroscopy, ultrasound or CT guidance can be used to cannulate a joint, which is then injected with the MR arthrogram solution.  MR arthrogram solutions differ in different instit...
Article

Exudative retinitis

Exudative retinitis, also known as retinal telangiectasis or Coats disease, is a rare congenital disease affecting the eyes and is a cause of leukocoria. Epidemiology It occurs predominantly in young males, with the onset of symptoms generally appearing in the first decade of life with a peak ...
Article

Abnormally eccentric gestational sac

An eccentrically-located gestational sac towards the fundus of the uterus is the normal sonographic appearance, however, an abnormally eccentric gestational sac on ultrasound may be apparent due to a number of causes: interstitial ectopic pregnancy 1 normally implanted pregnancy in a  bicornu...
Article

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas)

Perivascular epithelioid cells tumors (PEComas) are a group of related mesenchymal tumors and tumor-like conditions found in many locations. This group includes: angiomyolipoma (AML) clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) clear cell myomelanocytic tumor (CCMMT) ...
Article

Siderotic synovitis

Siderotic synovitis is a condition that can occur with chronic haemarthroses. Pathology Siderotic synovitis is characterized by rusty synovial pigmentation and hyperplasia but with an absence of foam cells and multinucleated giant cells which are seen in tenosynovial giant cell tumors. Risk f...
Article

Malakoplakia

Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the body but most frequently involves the mucosal surface of the urinary bladder, causing one or more soft yellowish plaques. Epidemiology Risk factors include chronic disease and immunosuppression, s...
Article

Intravenous leiomyomatosis

Intravenous leiomyomatosis is characterized by the extension into venous channels of histologically benign smooth muscle tumor arising from either the wall of a vessel or from a uterine leiomyoma. Terminology Intravenous leiomyomatosis should not be confused with benign metastasizing leiomyoma...
Article

Acrocephalosyndactyly

Acrocephalosyndactyly syndromes (ACS) are a rare group of disorders collectively characterized by: calvarial anomalies, e.g. craniosynostoses digital anomalies, e.g. syndactyly Pathology While there can be some overlap in features, they can be primarily classified into the following major su...
Article

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is an extremely rare chromosomal anomaly characterized by partial deletion of the p arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3). Clinical presentation There is a large clinical spectrum: CNS agenesis of the corpus callosum hypertelorism coloboma seizures 4 craniofacial c...
Article

Granular cell tumor of the breast

Granular cell tumors of the breast are uncommon, usually benign tumors that are possibly of neural origin. Epidemiology They tend to occur at a younger age than other types of breast cancer 4. The age range of presentation, however, can be very variable although they occur more commonly in pre...
Article

Renal hypoplasia

Renal hypoplasia refers to a congenitally small kidney where there is essentially normal residual parenchyma but smaller calyces, lobules and papillae. This is in contrast to renal atrophy where renal development was initially normal but the kidney has become smaller secondary to various other p...

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