Items tagged “case2”
133 results found
Article
CT angiogram sign (lungs)
The CT angiogram sign refers to vessels appearing prominent on contrast-enhanced CT as they traverse an airless low attenuation portion of consolidated lung 1,2. This sign has been associated with 1,2:
lung adenocarcinoma 3
pulmonary lymphoma
metastasis from gastrointestinal carcinom...
Article
Papillary tumor of the pineal region
Papillary tumors of the pineal region are one of five pineal parenchymal tumors under the current (2021) WHO classification of CNS tumors with intermediate natural history and a grade of 2 or 3.
Epidemiology
Papillary tumors of the pineal region are seen in a wide range of ages, reported from...
Article
Liver protocol (MRI)
Examination of the liver with MRI requires numerous sequences and imaging at multiple times after the administration of contrast.
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depending on MRI hardware and software, radiologist's...
Article
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome
Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (BOS), also known as disseminated dermatofibrosis lenticularis 2, comprises osteopoikilosis associated with disseminated connective tissue and cutaneous yellowish nevi, predominantly on the extremities and trunk 1. Recent genetic work has linked this syndrome to both ...
Article
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of rhabdomyosarcoma, and is the least common, accounting for only 5% of all rhabdomyosarcomas. Unlike embryonal and alveolar types, these tumors occur in adults over the age of 40 years 1 and are difficult to distinguish from other pleomorphic sarcomas such...
Article
High attenuation lymphadenopathy
High attenuation lymphadenopathy or adenopathy variably refers to abnormal lymph nodes with attenuation on CT usually higher compared to muscle, either on a noncontrast exam or following contrast administration (i.e. hyperenhancement) 5.
Differential diagnosis
High attenuation nodes may be due...
Article
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II, also known as Langer-Giedion syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder.
Pathology
The effects are seen mainly on the skeletal system and primarily involves
hair: "tricho-"
nose: "rhino-"
digits of the hands and feet: "-phalang...
Article
HIV/AIDS (musculoskeletal manifestations)
Musculoskeletal manifestations of HIV/AIDS are not as common as CNS or pulmonary complications. Nonetheless, their prevalence is high.
Pathology
Depending on the condition, etiology may be related to the HIV infection itself, the resultant immunodeficiency, or antiretroviral therapy (ART).
I...
Article
Oxalosis
Oxalosis is supersaturation of calcium oxalate in the urine (hyperoxaluria), which in turn results in nephrolithiasis and cortical nephrocalcinosis.
This article focus on the secondary oxalosis, please refer to primary oxalosis for a specific discussion on this entity.
Pathology
Calcium oxa...
Article
CT colonography reporting and data system
CT Colonography Reporting and Data System (C-RADS) is a method for standardizing CT colonography (CTC) reporting. The current revision is 2023 5.
Terminology
A polyp is defined as a homogenous soft tissue attenuation lesion projecting into the colonic lumen with a fixed point of attachment to ...
Article
Ovarian collision tumor
Ovarian collision tumors are an uncommon ovarian neoplasm where there is co-existence of two adjacent but histologically distinct tumors in an ovary with no histologic admixture at the interface.
Pathology
The exact pathogenesis is not well known. They are most commonly composed of ovarian ter...
Article
Endometritis
Endometritis refers to inflammation or infection involving the endometrium. Endometritis can be acute or chronic and may arise in an obstetric setting, such as following delivery or miscarriage, or in a non-obstetric setting due to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or endometrial instrumentation...
Article
Isolated cleft palate
An isolated cleft palate is a type of facial cleft. This is a much rarer occurrence than a cleft lip +/- palate and is thought to represent a different pathological entity.
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is at ~1 per 2000-2500 pregnancies 4-5. There may be a slight female predilection 4....
Article
Lethal skeletal dysplasias
Lethal skeletal dysplasias form a heterogeneous group that is commonly characterized as being non-survivable for prolonged periods ex-utero. They include (in alphabetical order):
achondrogenesis
atelosteogenesis
campomelic dysplasia
chondrodysplasia punctata: lethal variants
...
Article
Fetal middle cerebral arterial peak systolic velocity
The fetal middle cerebral arterial (MCA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) is an important parameter in fetal MCA Doppler assessment.
Measurement
The fetal MCA should be sampled ~2 mm from the origin of the fetal internal carotid artery and the angle of the ultrasound beam and the direction of bloo...
Article
Pulled elbow syndrome
Pulled elbow (also known as nursemaid's elbow) is a subluxation of the radial head into the annular ligament, which usually spontaneously or easily reduces and rarely demonstrates abnormal radiographic features. If the clinical presentation is atypical, pulled elbow should be distinguished from ...
Article
Junctional zone (uterus)
Junctional zone is a region representing the inner myometrium of the uterus and is a very important imaging feature in pelvic MR imaging for the interpretation of various pathologies. In its intact state, it is usually visible on MRI as a low T2 signal layer beneath the endometrium. At times, it...
Article
Doughnut sign on bone scinigraphy
The doughnut sign refers to the bone scintrigraphy pattern where there is increased uptake peripherally with a photopenic center. This appearance may be seen in a number of cystic lesions including:
aneurysmal bone cyst
giant cell tumor
simple bone cyst
The doughnut sign is a non-specific si...
Article
Middle meningeal artery
The middle meningeal artery is the dominant supply of the cranial dura. It arises from the first part of the maxillary artery, a terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It enters the middle cranial fossa via the foramen spinosum. Here it gives off two basal branches—the petrosal branch a...
Article
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare, benign entity. About half of the cases are thought to be idiopathic, with the other half secondary to underlying diseases or conditions (e.g. transplantation). Idiopathic cases belong to the group of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.
Epidemio...
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