Items tagged “cases”
5,523 results found
Article
Flip-flop renal enhancement
Flip-flop renal enhancement describes when an infarcted renal parenchyma alternates between hypoattenuation during the arterial phase, and hyperattenuation on the delayed phase of a contrast enhanced CT 1,2.
Terminology
Flip-flop renal enhancement should not be confused with the flip-flop eff...
Article
Hook erosions
Hook erosions refer to smooth, non-destructive erosions occurring on the radial palmar aspect of the metacarpal heads and associated with Jaccoud arthropathy. Hook erosions can help differentiate Jaccoud arthropathy from rheumatoid arthritis.
Hook erosions must be differentiated from the simila...
Article
Cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle describes the electrical and mechanical actions of the heart, contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles during every heartbeat.
The cardiac cycle consists of the following phases 1-3:
Systole
isovolumetric contraction and closure of the atrioventricular valves
...
Article
Cervical ripening
Cervical ripening is the softening of the cervix that needs to occur before induction of labor and delivery of the fetus. The use of appropriate interventions (e.g. isoprostol, nitric oxide, PGE2, Foley's balloon in case of low-risk females, acupuncture 1-5) can lead to satisfactory cervical rip...
Article
Guitar pick sign (orbits)
Guitar pick sign refers to conical deformation (tenting) of the posterior ocular globe indicating severely increased intraorbital pressure (orbital compartment syndrome)
Presence of a guitar pick sign on imaging is associated with acute and permanent visual damage.
Article
Accessory and cavitated uterine mass
Accessory and cavitated uterine mass (ACUM), also known as non-communicating accessory uterine cavity or cystic adenomyoma, is a rare uterine anomaly comprised of an accessory uterus-like mass in the uterus along the wall but with no communication to the main uterus.
Clinical presentation
This...
Article
Bishop score
The Bishop score is a criterion for successful induction of labor, vaginal delivery and includes the age of gestation, parity, presenting part of the fetus, previous history of childbirths and consent of the patient. This score decides whether a patient needs cervical ripening or not 1,4.
Bisho...
Article
Right hemicolectomy
A right hemicolectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the cecum and ascending colon.
Indications
cancer of the appendix, cecum or ascending colon (most common) 1
inflammatory bowel disease, particularly Crohn disease
complicated appendicitis
cecal volvulus
perforation of the right colon
...
Article
Plate and screw fixation
Plate and screw fixation is a method of internal fixation used in orthopedic surgery. It is most commonly used in open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) surgeries as well as fixation of bone post osteotomy (e.g. high tibial osteotomy or rotational osteotomy).
When applied to the convex side o...
Article
Periportal lymphadenopathy (differential)
Periportal lymphadenopathy can be a common observation during imaging of the upper abdomen. What is considered the exact upper limit of normal has been variable 1,3 among different publications but with many authors suggesting a cut-off of around 10 mm in short axis diameter.
Pathology
Etiolog...
Article
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate
Intraductal carcinomas of the prostate (IDCP) are a new subtype of prostate cancer that has been included as a new entity in the WHO classification of prostate tumors in 2016.
Epidemiology
Intraductal carcinomas of the prostate are rarely found isolated on needle core biopsy samples in 0.1-0.3...
Article
Snapping scapula syndrome
Snapping scapula syndrome is an uncommon condition where on scapular movement there is pain associated with an audible or palpable grinding, clicking or snapping.
Pathology
Causes include 1,2:
scapulothoracic bursitis
scapular stabilizer muscular atrophy/fibrosis, e.g. long thoracic nerve i...
Article
Calcification of joints and arteries
Calcification of joints and arteries (CALJA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation of the NT5E gene. It is characterized by extensive calcifications in the limb arteries and in the joints of the hands and feet.
Epidemiology
CALJA is a very rare disorder; up to now, less t...
Article
Chronic ACL deficiency
Chronic ACL deficiency is a long term adverse outcome that can result from an untreated ACL injury. Patients often experience an unstable knee. They often result in or are associated with meniscal injury (medial more than lateral) and chondral damage 1-4.
See also
mucoid degeneration of ACL
Article
Subarticular zone stenosis
Subarticular zone stenosis is a form of spinal stenosis where there is narrowing of the subarticular zone, including the lateral recess. This may occur with or without other forms of spinal stenosis.
Pathology
Nerve root compression at the lateral recess can occur in two morphological forms:
...
Article
Ectopic ovary
Ectopic ovaries are a rare ovarian abnormality. Supernumerary ovaries contain normal ovarian tissue in an ectopic location with a ligamentous attachment 1.
Epidemiology
A few of the etiological explanations of ectopic ovary include embryologic origin, post-inflammatory implantation of ovarian...
Article
F-18 DOPA
F-18 DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine) is a PET radiotracer primarily used in the evaluation of neuropsychiatric diseases, movement disorders, and brain malignancies 1.
Production
L-DOPA is the nonproteinogenic amino acid precursor to dopamine with F-18 DOPA, in recent years,...
Article
Braid-like sign (spinal sarcoidosis)
The braid-like sign is an imaging pattern of sarcoidosis spinal cord involvement. It is characterized by a ventral subpial enhancement in the spinal cord.
Article
Proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation
Proximal tibiofibular joint dislocations (PTJD) are a form of proximal tibiofibular joint injury involving a separation of the fibular head from the respective articular surface of the lateral tibial condyle.
Epidemiology
Proximal tibiofibular joint dislocations are rare and account for less t...
Article
Honeycomb sterna
Honeycomb sterna are considered as a rare developmental variant of the sternum, resulting from unfused lateral ossification centers of the sternebrae, which gives a honeycomb configuration of the mesosternum. Usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during a routine exam of the chest.
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