Items tagged “clinical sign”
13 results found
Article
Guttman test (larynx)
The Guttman test is a clinical test relating to the function of the larynx.
In normal subjects, frontal pressure on the thyroid cartilage lowers the tone of voice produced and lateral pressure produces a higher tone of voice. The opposite is true with paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle.
Article
Hennebert sign (inner ear)
The Hennebert sign describes a positive fistula test without clinical evidence of middle ear or mastoid disease. It is associated with congenital syphilis and may also be present in Ménière disease.
It has been postulated that the vestibular stimulation is mediated by fibrous bands between foot...
Article
Raccoon eyes sign (base of skull fracture)
Raccoon eyes sign (or panda eyes in the UK and Ireland) refers to periorbital ecchymosis with sparing of the tarsal plate 3 and is a physical examination finding indicative of a base of skull fracture of the anterior cranial fossa.
However it is not pathognomonic for trauma, and there are sever...
Article
Sunset eye sign
The sunset eye sign (also known as the setting sun phenomenon) is a clinical phenomenon encountered in infants and young children with raised intracranial pressure (seen in up to 40% of children with obstructive hydrocephalus and 13% of children with shunt dysfunction 1).
It consists of an up-...
Article
Argyll Robertson pupil
Argyll Robertson pupil is usually bilateral and presents as bilaterally miotic and irregular pupils, which constrict briskly with accommodation but do not react to bright light therefore displaying light-near dissociation 1.
It is a highly specific sign of late neurosyphilis, however can also ...
Article
Adie pupil
Adie pupil (also known as tonic pupil) is caused by idiopathic degeneration of the ciliary ganglion, which sometimes occurs following a viral or bacterial illness. It is usually unilateral and typically affects young females 1.
Adie pupil represents a large dilated "tonic pupil", which does not...
Article
Battle sign (base of skull fracture)
Battle sign is an eponymous term given to mastoid ecchymosis (bruising of the scalp overlying the mastoid process) and is strongly suggestive of a base of skull fracture, most commonly a petrous temporal bone fracture.
History and etymology
Mr William Henry Battle (1855-1936) was an English s...
Article
Lagophthalmos
Lagophthalmos refers to the inability of an individual to completely close the eyelids and can result in drying of the eyes and irritation, and even permanent damage.
Pathology
Etiology
most common in facial nerve palsies (e.g. Bell palsy)
Ramsay Hunt syndrome 4
trauma/surgery: scarring of...
Article
Meningism
Meningism refers to a classical constellation of symptoms and signs associated with irritation of the meninges. It is most commonly associated with bacterial meningitis but can also be attributed to intracranial hemorrhage and raised intracranial pressure, or other pathologies 1.
Clinical prese...
Article
Sclerodactyly
Sclerodactyly refers to fibrotic tightening and thickening of the skin, with atrophy of the soft tissues, of fingers and toes.
Pathology
Etiology
scleroderma: seen in ~25%
CREST syndrome: seen in ~5%
mixed connective tissue disease
History and etymology
Sclerodactyly is derived from the ...
Article
Grey Turner sign
The Grey Turner sign refers to the clinical finding of atraumatic flank ecchymosis, which is occasionally associated with retroperitoneal hemorrhage, classically due to hemorrhagic pancreatitis 2. It is thought to occur when blood extravasates from the posterior pararenal space and crosses throu...
Article
Obturator sign
Obturator sign is a clinical sign of acute appendicitis, it is defined as discomfort felt by the subject/patient on the slow internal movement of the hip joint, while the right knee is flexed. It indicates an inflamed pelvic appendix that is in contact with the obturator internus muscle 1-3.
Se...
Article
Kemp test
The Kemp test (also known as the quadrant test and extension-rotation test) is a provocative test on clinical examination that has been described as being useful for diagnosing pain related to facet joint pathology, e.g. arthropathy but is of limited diagnostic accuracy 1. The patient performs c...
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