Items tagged “congenital heart disease”
15 results found
Article
Ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defects (VSD) represent a hole or pathway in the interventricular septum that allows for communication between the right and left ventricles. It typically results in a left-to-right shunt.
Epidemiology
They represent one of the most common congenital cardiac anomalies and ma...
Article
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart condition with many cases presenting after the newborn period. It has been classically characterized by the combination of ventricular septal defect (VSD), right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), overriding aorta...
Article
Ebstein anomaly
Ebstein anomaly is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly, characterized by a variable developmental anomaly of the tricuspid valve.
Epidemiology
The anomaly accounts for only ~0.5% of congenital cardiac defects 6,7, although it is the most common cause of congenital tricuspid regurgitation. T...
Article
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a cyanotic congenital heart anomaly with abnormal drainage anatomy of the entire pulmonary venous system. This contrasts with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) where only part of the pulmonary venous anatomy is abnormal.
In TAPV...
Article
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), also referred to as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) or simply arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, is a cardiomyopathy that is one of the more common causes of sudden cardiac death in young patients.
Epidemiology
The estimate...
Article
Uhl anomaly
Uhl anomaly is an unusual cardiac disorder which affects the right ventricle where there is an almost complete absence of right ventricular myocardium, normal tricuspid valve, and preserved septal and left ventricular myocardium.
Clinical presentation
Presentation usually occurs in the neonata...
Article
Cardiovascular shunts
Cardiovascular (cardiac) shunts are abnormal connections between the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Most commonly they are the result of congenital heart disease.
Pathology
Blood can either be shunted from the systemic circulation to pulmonary circulation (i.e. 'left-to-right shunt') or ...
Article
Surgically-created cardiac shunts (mnemonic)
A mnemonic for surgically-created cardiac shunts for congenital heart disease is:
Great Flow Really Would Be Perfect
The mnemonic is ordered by the position of the shunt antegrade to normal blood flow through the heart, proceeding from the systemic venous system into the right heart, and then...
Article
Aorto-ventricular tunnel
Aorto-ventricular tunnel (AVT) is an extremely rare form of congenital heart disease, representing an anomalous extracardiac communication between the ascending aorta and the left or right ventricles.
Terminology
In most cases the anomalous communication is between the aorta and the left ventr...
Article
Double inlet left ventricle
Double inlet left ventricle (DILV) describes a congenital cardiac anomaly in which both atrioventricular valves are associated with a single ventricle which demonstrates left ventricular morphology.
Epidemiology
This uncommon entity constituents 1% of all congenital cardiac anomalies, and is o...
Article
Prepulmonic coronary course
A prepulmonic course refers to a coronary artery course anterior to the right ventricular outflow tract or main pulmonary artery and is considered a ‘benign course’.
Epidemiology
Associations
Clinical conditions associated with a prepulmonic course of a coronary artery include 1-4:
oth...
Article
Retroaortic coronary course
A retroaortic course refers to a coronary artery taking its route posteriorly between the non-coronary sinus and the interatrial septum and is considered a ‘benign anomalous course’.
Epidemiology
Associations
Clinical conditions associated with a retroaortic course of a coronary artery includ...
Article
Secundum atrial septal defect
A secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum. It describes a defect in the center of the interatrial septum in the region of the fossa ovalis and is most commonly due to a discontinuity in the portion of the septum derived from the emb...
Article
Classification of Ebstein anomaly
There are several classification systems for Ebstein anomaly, the most commonly used are the Carpentier classification (anatomical classification) and the Celermajer index or the Great Ormond Street Echocardiography (GOSE) score for neonates.
These classification systems are crucial for determi...
Article
Anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery
Anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the aorta (AOPA) represents a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly. One pulmonary artery originates from the aorta and the other from the right ventricular outflow tract 1-3. It more often involves the right pulmonary artery than the left pulmonary...
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