Items tagged “definition”
93 results found
Article
Enlocated
Enlocated is a term popular primarily among Australasian (Australia and New Zealand) radiologists and orthopedic surgeons to describe a joint that is not dislocated.
It does not appear in the Oxford dictionary, nor is it widely used elsewhere in English-speaking countries, although it does app...
Article
Sprain
Sprain refers to an injury of ligaments and capsules and should not be confused with the strain which refers to an injury to muscles and their tendons. These terms should not be used interchangeably.
Location
Knee, ankle and acromioclavicular joints are the most common location of the ligament...
Article
Strain
Strain refers to injury of muscles and tendons and should not be confused with sprain which refers to injury to ligaments and capsules. One way to remember the distinction is that strain (with a T) is for tendons (which attach to muscle).
These terms should not be used interchangeably lest you ...
Article
Diverticulum
Diverticula are outpouchings of a hollow viscus and can be either true or false.
Occasionally a diverticulum is used in a more general sense to mean the outpouching of other anatomical structures, e.g. frontal intersinus septal cells are hypothesized to form as diverticula from the frontal sinu...
Article
Myochosis coli
Myochosis coli is an uncommonly used term to denote the shortening and thickening of the colon seen in diverticulosis.
This is due to shortening of the taeniae coli and thickening of the circular muscular layer 1.
History and etymology
Myochosis coli is from the Ancient Greek for "heaped-up ...
Article
Pseudocyst
A pseudocyst is an abnormal fluid-filled cavity which is not lined by epithelium. It is this fact that distinguishes it pathologically from a cyst, which is lined by epithelium.
Examples of pseudocysts include:
adrenal pseudocyst
auricular pseudocyst
intraspinal epidural gas pseudocysts
me...
Article
Cyst
A cyst is an abnormal fluid-filled structure which is lined by epithelium; with one exception: lung cysts may contain gas or fluid. By contradistinction, a pseudocyst lacks an epithelial lining and instead has a vascular and fibrotic capsule.
Cysts are extremely common and found in most organs....
Article
Metaepiphysis
Metaepiphysis (plural: metaepiphyses) is a portmanteau of metaphysis and epiphysis and refers to the combined region including the location of the growth plate. The term is therefore used to describe lesions that span both regions e.g. giant cell tumor of bone.
Epimetaphysis would be equally co...
Article
Extra-axial
Extra-axial is a descriptive term to denote lesions that are external to the brain parenchyma, in contrast to intra-axial which describes lesions within the brain substance.
Radiographic features
Often it is trivially easy to distinguish an intra-axial from an extra-axial mass. In many cases,...
Article
Intraventricular
Intraventricular is a term used to denote lesions/processes that occur within either the ventricles of the brain or the ventricles of the heart.
In both cases, most lesions actually arise from the surrounding brain parenchyma/heart muscle and grow exophytically into the ventricles.
See also
...
Article
Hepatopetal
Hepatopetal denotes flow of blood towards the liver, which is the normal direction of blood flow through the portal vein. The term is typically used when discussing the portal vein or recanalized vein of the ligamentum teres in patients with suspected portal hypertension.
It is the opposite of ...
Article
Dysphagia
Dysphagia refers to subjective awareness of difficulty or obstruction during swallowing. It is a relatively common and increasingly prevalent clinical problem. Odynophagia is the term for painful swallowing.
Fluoroscopy is the mainstay of imaging assessment but manometry can help evaluate the e...
Article
Bronchorrhea
Bronchorrhea is the expectoration of copious amounts of mucus from the lungs. It has been defined as production of more than 100 mL of mucus in 24 hours, which is more than is usually seen in chronic lung disease (e.g. chronic bronchitis typically produces 25 mL/24 hrs) 2. It may be a feature of...
Article
Monostotic
Monostotic is typically used to refer to a condition that involves only one bone. Examples of conditions that can be monostotic include fibrous dysplasia and melorheostosis.
See also
polyostotic
monomelic
Article
Monomelic
Monomelic is typically used to refer to a condition that is confined to only one limb. Examples of conditions that can be monomelic include fibrous dysplasia and melorheostosis.
See also
monostotic
polyostotic
monomelic
Article
Polyostotic
Polyostotic, less commonly polystotic, is a term used to describe a condition involving multiple bones.
Examples of conditions that can be polyostotic include Paget disease of the bone, fibrous dysplasia and melorheostosis.
See also
monostotic
monomelic
Article
Mucocele (general)
A mucocele simply refers to accumulation and expansion of a structure by mucus 1. It occurs in a variety of locations which are discussed separately:
paranasal sinus mucocele
lacrimal mucocele 3
mucocele of the mastoid (rare) 4
mucocele of the oral cavity e.g. ranula, mucous retention cysts...
Article
Incidentaloma
An incidentaloma is a radiological neologism to denote a lesion found incidentally and of dubious clinical significance. Although it can refer to any incidental lesion (e.g. pituitary 3, thyroid 4), it is most often used to denote an incidental adrenal lesion, which is commonly an adrenal adenom...
Article
Sprain vs strain
As petty as it sounds, medicine (and especially radiology) is all about precision in the terminology we use. Sprain and strain are often used interchangeably and often (randomly) incorrectly.
sprain refers to injury of ligaments.
strain refers to injury of muscles and tendons. A simple aide-...
Article
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis (plural: spondylolistheses) denotes the slippage of one vertebra relative to the one below.
Terminology
Although etymologically it is directionless (see below) and could be applied to both anterolisthesis and retrolisthesis, in practice, however, spondylolisthesis is used sy...