Items tagged “echocardiography”
53 results found
Article
Left ventricular outflow tract view (fetal echocardiogram)
The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) view (or five chamber view) is one of the standard views in a fetal echocardiogram.
It is a long-axis view of the heart, highlighting the path from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta (left ventricle outflow tract).
In this view, the right vent...
Article
Right ventricular outflow tract view (fetal echocardiogram)
The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) view (or three vessel view/3VV) is one of the standard views in a fetal echocardiogram. It principally assesses the right ventricular outflow tract. It is a long axis view of the heart, highlighting the path from the right ventricle into the pulmonary t...
Article
Congestive cardiac failure
Congestive cardiac failure (CCF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF) or simply heart failure, refers to the clinical syndrome caused by inherited or acquired abnormalities of heart structure and function, causing a constellation of symptoms and signs that lead to decreased quality and ...
Article
Left atrial appendage
The left atrial appendage, also known as left auricle, is a pouch-like projection from the main body of the left atrium, which lies in the atrioventricular sulcus in close proximity to the left circumflex artery, the left phrenic nerve, and the left pulmonary veins.
Gross anatomy
Morphological...
Article
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP or MPAP) can be estimated by echocardiography, although the gold standard remains measurements taken directly during right heart catheterization. It is calculated by the formula:
(PASystolic pressure +2 PADiastolic pressure) / 3
The pulmonary arterial sys...
Article
Lambl’s excrescence
Lambl’s excrescences, also known as valvular strands, are small, filiform, fibrous strands located on cardiac valves.
Epidemiology
Thought to be present in 70-80% of adults according to pathological studies, but only ~40% on echocardiograph studies 1. When present, multiple Lambl’s excrescence...
Article
Atrial septal occlusion device
Atrial septal occlusion devices are implantable cardiac devices used in patients with certain types of atrial septal defects or patent foramen ovale 4.
They are used in cases of atrial septal defects with right atrial or ventricle enlargement, to prevent paradoxical embolism, left-to-right shun...
Case
Parasternal long axis view - normal (transthoracic echocardiography)
Published
25 Aug 2018
54% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Parasternal short axis view - normal (transthoracic echocardiography)
Published
25 Aug 2018
54% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ultrasound)
Published
29 Aug 2018
75% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Apical 4 chamber view - normal (transthoracic echocardiography)
Published
28 Aug 2018
47% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Focus‐assessed transthoracic echocardiography
FATE (focus‐assessed transthoracic echocardiography) is a goal-directed protocol used in critical care for indications such as hemodynamic instability, shock, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest 1.
The protocol is designed as a series of questions as follows:
does the left ventri...
Article
Carpentier classification of mitral valve regurgitation
The Carpentier classification divides mitral valve regurgitation into three types based on leaflet motion 1:
type I: normal leaflet motion
annular dilation, leaflet perforation
regurgitation jet directed centrally
type II: excessive leaflet motion
papillary muscle rupture, chordal rupture, ...
Case
Tricuspid regurgitation (echocardiography)
Published
14 Nov 2018
72% complete
Ultrasound
Article
McConnell's sign (echocardiography)
The McConnell's sign describes a regional pattern of acute right ventricular dysfunction on transthoracic echocardiography first observed in a cohort of patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. In contrast to the global wall motion abnormalities observed in chronic right ventricular dysfun...
Article
Transthoracic echocardiography
Standard transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the most commonly performed form of echocardiography. It consists of five standardized windows which are obtained in a standardized sequence 1. Obtaining views from the left parasternal, apical, subcostal, and suprasternal notch windows is mandato...
Article
Diastolic dysfunction (point of care ultrasound)
Assessment for diastolic dysfunction is an advanced application of point-of-care ultrasonography, most commonly used as a supplemental non-invasive estimate of left atrial pressure in hemodynamically complex patients 1. Of note, this article will discuss the simplified, binary approach used in c...
Article
Transesophageal echocardiography
A standard transesophageal echocardiography (TOE, or TEE in US English) is a type of echocardiography using an endoscopic transducer, which is advanced into the thoracic esophagus, offering generally superior visualization of the great vessels and posterior cardiac structures than the standard t...
Article
Congenital heart disease in echocardiography (an approach)
The diagnosis of congenital heart disease in echocardiography is outside the scope of basic echocardiography, however, several common features may be recognized at the point of care which allow for initial stablization and management before a complete echocardiography exam may be performed.
In ...
Article
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in echocardiography (differential)
Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction describes a state in which the egress of blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation is impeded as it traverses the anatomic LVOT to the aortic arch. Echocardiography, particularly with the use of spectral Doppler, may be used to de...
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