Items tagged “emergency medicine”

153 results found
Article

Rectal foreign bodies

Rectal foreign bodies are not uncommon in emergency departments around the world and potentially cause management difficulties. Epidemiology The incidence varies according to the region, said to be uncommon in Asia and most common in Eastern Europe 1. Typically patients are male with a wide ra...
Article

Colonic pseudo-obstruction

Colonic pseudo-obstruction, also known as Ogilvie syndrome, is a potentially fatal condition leading to an acute colonic distention without an underlying mechanical obstruction. It is defined as an acute pseudo-obstruction and dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction....
Article

Diffuse gallbladder wall thickening (differential)

Diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall can occur in a number of situations: cholecystitis acute cholecystitis chronic cholecystitis gallbladder empyema 7 xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis 11 acalculous cholecystitis 11 postprandial physiological state (pseudothickening) gallbladder o...
Article

Acute pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis (plural: acute pyelonephritides) is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma most commonly seen in young women. It remains common and continues to have significant morbidity in certain groups of patients. Epidemiology The incidence of acute pyelonephritis p...
Article

Striated nephrogram

Striated nephrogram is a descriptive term indicating the appearance of alternating linear bands of high and low attenuation in a radial pattern extending through the corticomedullary layers of the kidney on iodine-based intravenous contrast-enhanced imaging. It is important to know that a simil...
Article

Pneumorrhachis

Pneumorrhachis refers to the presence of gas within the spinal canal (either intra- or extradural). It is rare. Clinical presentation Patients can often be asymptomatic 3. Pathology Etiology Pneumorrhachis can result from a number of causes: trauma (traumatic pneumorrhachis): can occ...
Article

Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion occurs when a testis torts on the spermatic cord resulting in the cutting off of blood supply. The most common symptom is acute testicular pain and the most common underlying cause, a bell-clapper deformity. The diagnosis is often made clinically but if it is in doubt, an ultr...
Case

Splenic trauma

  Diagnosis certain
The Radswiki
Published 20 Oct 2010
71% complete
CT
Article

Acute cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis refers to the acute inflammation of the gallbladder. It is the primary complication of cholelithiasis and the most common cause of acute pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ). Epidemiology Acute cholecystitis is a common cause of hospital admission and is responsible for a...
Article

Diaphragmatic rupture

Diaphragmatic rupture often results from blunt abdominal trauma. The mechanism of injury is typically a motor-vehicle collision. Epidemiology Given that the most common mechanism is motor vehicle collisions, it is perhaps unsurprising that young men are most frequently affected. The estimated ...
Article

Pneumopericardium

Pneumopericardium represents gas (usually air) within the pericardium, thus surrounding the heart.  Pathology Etiology Underlying causes include: positive pressure ventilation thoracic surgery/pericardial fluid drainage penetrating trauma blunt trauma (rare) infectious per...
Article

Internal hernia

Internal hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are protrusions of the viscera through the peritoneum or mesentery but remaining within the abdominal cavity. Epidemiology Internal hernias have a low incidence of <1% and represent a relatively small proportion, up to 5.8%, of presentations with ...
Case

Perforated appendicitis with appendicolith

  Diagnosis almost certain
Maulik S Patel
Published 15 Jan 2011
54% complete
X-ray Ultrasound
Case

Vertical fracture of patella

  Diagnosis certain
Maulik S Patel
Published 31 May 2011
75% complete
X-ray
Case

Perforated appendix

  Diagnosis almost certain
Paresh K Desai
Published 23 Jun 2011
74% complete
CT
Case

Right-sided pneumothorax due to rib fracture

  Diagnosis certain
Sajoscha A. Sorrentino
Published 28 Aug 2011
85% complete
X-ray
Case

Cervical trauma with burst fracture

  Diagnosis certain
Gerry Gardner
Published 26 Sep 2011
76% complete
CT
Article

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema is a broad descriptive term and is usually defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular compartments of the lung 1. Clinical presentation The clinical presentation of pulmonary edema includes: acute breathlessness orthopnea paroxysmal nocturnal dy...
Case

Perforated appendix

  Diagnosis almost certain
Maulik S Patel
Published 13 Jan 2012
72% complete
Ultrasound
Article

Gallbladder perforation

Gallbladder perforations are a serious complication of acute cholecystitis and represent an advanced stage of the disease. They tend to occur in an elderly and/or comorbid demographic and carry higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Clinical presentation Symptoms and clinical signs are varia...

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