Items tagged “endocrine”
308 results found
Article
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus is the deficiency or resistance to the hormone vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), which results in polyuria and polydipsia.
Epidemiology
Diabetes insipidus occurs in 3 per 100,000 people 2.
Pathology
Diabetes insipidus may be described as 1-3:
central/neurogenic/hypoth...
Article
VIPoma
VIPomas (vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors) are a very rare type of pancreatic endocrine tumors that secrete, and get their name from, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The clinical syndrome resulting from these tumors is commonly known as WDHA syndrome, an acronym for the cardinal symptom...
Case
MEN2 syndrome - medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromocytoma
Published
20 May 2016
92% complete
CT
Ultrasound
Nuclear medicine
Case
Graves disease - goiter and thyroid eye disease
Published
25 Feb 2016
95% complete
Pathology
Ultrasound
CT
Nuclear medicine
Case
Papillary thyroid carcinoma: with cystic lymphadeopathy
Published
31 Mar 2016
92% complete
Ultrasound
CT
Case
Adrenocorticotropin independent macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (AIMAH)
Published
06 Apr 2016
89% complete
CT
Photo
X-ray
Article
McGill thyroid nodule score
The McGill thyroid nodule score (MTNS) is a scoring system developed to estimate the risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules 1.
Scoring system
The MTNS is based on 22 parameters:
eight clinical or laboratory parameters
gender (male): 1 point
age (>45 years old): 1 point
palpable nodule (pres...
Article
BTA ultrasound "U" classification of thyroid nodules
The ultrasound "U" classification of thyroid nodules has been developed by the British Thyroid Association (BTA) as part of their 2014 guidelines on the management of thyroid cancer 1.
It allows for the stratification of thyroid nodules as benign, suspicious or malignant based on ultrasound app...
Article
ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS)
ACR TI-RADS is a reporting system for thyroid nodules on ultrasound proposed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) 1.
This uses a standardized scoring system for reports providing users with recommendations for when to use fine needle aspiration (FNA) or ultrasound follow-up of suspicious ...
Article
Non-ketotic hyperglycemic seizure
Non-ketotic hyperglycemic seizures are one of the neurological complications of non-ketotic hyperglycemia, along with non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma and non-ketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea.
Epidemiology
Seizures in the context of non-ketotic hyperglycemia are most frequently reported in middl...
Article
Wolff-Chaikoff effect
Wolff-Chaikoff effect is an autoregulatory phenomenon, whereby a large amount of ingested iodine acutely inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis within the follicular cells, irrespective of the serum level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.
Pathology
The Wolff-Chaikoff effect is thought to be...
Article
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IV
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type IV (MEN4), previously known as MENX, is a rare type of MEN with clinical overlap with MEN1 but is due to a CDKN1B mutation. It is characterized by 1,2:
parathyroid adenoma
primary hyperparathyroidism in 80%
anterior pituitary adenoma
neuroendocrine tumors (...
Article
Cushing syndrome
Cushing syndrome is due to the effects of excessive glucocorticoids, which may be exogenous or endogenous.
Terminology
Cushing disease refers to glucocorticoid excess solely due to an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma, while Cushing syndrome encompasses all etiologies of ...
Article
Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma
Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) is a genetic disorder closely related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIa (MEN2a) and multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIb (MEN2b). It is characterized by the development of medullary thyroid cancer.
FMTC is the result of mutations in the RET ...
Article
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome is an extremely rare condition where a gene mutation results in hyperparathyroidism in association with both benign and malignant tumors, most notably, tumors in the mandible or maxilla 2.
Epidemiology
Approximately 200 cases have been reported in the med...
Article
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often referred to simply as diabetes, is a group of metabolic conditions characterized by hyperglycemia.
These conditions should not be confused with diabetes insipidus which is clinically distinct and not related to hyperglycemia.
Terminology
If a patient with diabete...
Case
Pituitary macroadenoma
Published
28 Mar 2019
92% complete
MRI
Case
Graves disease
Published
15 Apr 2019
66% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Lingual thyroid
Published
18 Jan 2020
95% complete
CT
Ultrasound
Article
Parathyroid carcinoma
Parathyroid carcinomas are very rare, and the overwhelming majority of discrete parathyroid gland lesions seen will be parathyroid adenomas. Carcinomas often present with profound hyperparathyroidism, as most of them are functional. Early metastasis is not uncommon. Imaging is important in their...