Items tagged “eye”
103 results found
Case
Medial orbital blow-out fracture
Published
12 Dec 2015
89% complete
CT
Article
Choroidal detachment
Choroidal detachment is a detachment of the choroid from the underlying sclera due to the accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space generally due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), as observed in some settings:
choroidal effusion
transudative: trauma
exudative: fluid accumulatin...
Article
Norrie disease
Norrie disease is a rare X-linked inherited cause of congenital bilateral blindness. It can present with a retinal mass (pseudoglioma) and cataracts. It is associated with developmental delay and hearing loss.
Article
Subconjunctival fat prolapse
Subconjunctival fat prolapse is an acquired herniation of intraconal fat due to the weakening of the Tenon capsule by normal aging, surgery, or trauma. It presents clinically with a fat-containing epibulbar mass in the lateral canthal area.
Epidemiology
Subconjunctival fat prolapse occurs mai...
Case
Choroidal nevus
Published
27 May 2016
72% complete
Ultrasound
Case
Orbital plexiform neurofibromata
Published
30 Aug 2016
77% complete
MRI
Article
Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit
Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit occurs as a complication of acute sinusitis.
Clinical presentation
Patients can present with pain, visual disturbance, proptosis and/or chemosis.
Pathology
Bacteria can extend via neurovascular foramina or bony dehiscences. More commonly occurs from ethmoid...
Article
Extraconal orbital compartment
The extraconal orbital compartment or extraconal space is the space within the orbit outside the musculofascial cone. The base of which is anterior and is formed by the orbital septum that surrounds the equator of the globe. The external sides are formed by the bones of the orbit and their perio...
Case
Myositic orbital pseudotumor
Published
27 Nov 2017
82% complete
MRI
CT
Article
Fornix (eye)
The fornix conjunctiva is loose soft tissue lying at the junction between the palpebral conjunctiva (covering the inner surface of the eyelid) and the bulbar conjunctiva (covering the globe). Each eye has two fornices, the superior and inferior fornices. The fornix permits freedom of movement of...
Article
Brown syndrome (orbit)
Brown syndrome refers to a failure of upward gaze while the eye is adducted secondary to an abnormality of the superior oblique tendon sheath complex.
Pathology
This abnormality is a little counter-intuitive and highlights how the action of the superior oblique is position-dependent and that e...
Article
Senile calcific scleral plaques
Senile calcific scleral plaques, also known as senile scleral plaques, are benign degenerations of the ocular sclerae, common in elderly individuals. They are a common incidental finding on CT.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of senile scleral plaques increases with age, from ~2.5% at age 60, to 2...
Article
Trochlear nerve palsy
Trochlear nerve palsies, or fourth nerve palsies, result in weakness of the superior oblique muscle.
Clinical presentation
Vertical diplopia and ipsilateral hypertropia in the absence of ptosis, combined with a head tilt away from the affected side, are strongly suggestive of trochlear nerve p...
Article
Conjunctiva
The conjunctiva (plural: conjunctivas or conjunctivae) is a transparent membrane is attached at the margins of the cornea. It is loosely attached to the sclera and thence reflected over the inner surface of the eyelids. It is firmly attached to the tarsal plates and blends with the skin at the m...
Article
Tarsal plate
The tarsal plates of the eye are formed by dense fibrous tissue representing thickened extensions of the orbital septum, molded to the curvature of the eyeball. Each eye has a superior tarsal plate and an inferior tarsal plate, located in their respective eyelid.
The plates anchor the roots of...
Article
Eyelid
The eyelids cover the eyes, with an upper and lower eyelid on each side, and are covered in front with loose skin and behind with adherent conjunctiva. The lower lids possess very little mobility; the upper eyelid is elevated by levator palpebrae superioris muscle fibers and the lids are closed ...
Article
Ptosis
Ptosis (or blepharoptosis) is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid. Complete ptosis is due to complete oculomotor nerve palsy. Partial ptosis is due to a dysfunction of the sympathetic pathway leading to paralysis of Muller muscle.
Note that facial nerve paralysis prevents screwing of the...
Article
Choroidal hemangioma
Choroidal hemangiomas are benign vascular hamartomatous tumors of the choroid. They present in two forms based on the extent of choroidal involvement:
circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH): solitary tumor with no systemic associations.
diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH): usually in associat...
Article
Intraocular lens implant
Intraocular lens implants (IOLs) are used to replace the extracted lens as part of the standard surgical treatment for cataracts. The presence of a lens implant is known as pseudophakia (literally, "artificial lens").
Structure
Knowledge of the structure of an intraocular lens implant is requi...
Article
Retina
The retina (plural: retinas/retinae) forms part of the optic pathway. It is a thin lining on the inner surface of the globe and converts visible light into a neural signal.
Arterial supply
The blood supply of the retina is from two sources, supplying different portions of the organ. The integ...