Items tagged “gastrointestinal”

12 results found
Article

Adynamic ileus

Adynamic ileus is the failure of passage of enteric contents through the small bowel and colon that are not mechanically obstructed; i.e. it represents a paralysis of intestinal motility. Clinical presentation Patients may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms similar to mechanical bowel ob...
Article

Afferent loop syndrome

Afferent loop syndrome is an intermittent partial or complete mechanical obstruction of the afferent limb of a gastrojejunostomy. The syndrome classically refers to obstruction of the upstream limb of a side-to-side gastrojejunostomy but has also been used to refer to the biliopancreatic limb o...
Article

Blind loop syndrome

Blind loop syndrome (or "blind pouch syndrome") is an event that may occur after an end-to-end or end-to-side bowel anastomosis. Dilatation and stasis of the bypassed bowel may lead to bacterial overgrowth, breakdown of bile salts, and result in nutritional problems. It may even eventually lead ...
Article

Barrett esophagus

Barrett esophagus is a term for intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus. It is considered the precursor lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Epidemiology Barrett esophagus is thought to have a prevalence of 3-15% in patients with reflux esophagitis. Mean age at diagnosis is 55 years old 5. Ri...
Article

Peroral pneumocolon

Peroral pneumocolon is a technique that can be used during a small bowel follow through (SBFT) to better visualize the ascending colon and terminal ileum. Procedure The goal of a peroral pneumocolon is to create a double contrast study (oral contrast and gas) of the ascending colon and termina...
Article

Radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG)

A radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) is a procedure where a tube is inserted percutaneously into the stomach, principally to provide nutritional support for patients with swallowing disorders 1. Indications inadequate oral intake due to dysphagia (neurologic disorder, esophageal obstruc...
Article

Fecal impaction

Fecal impaction is the inability to spontaneously evacuate solid feces. It is common in the elderly population. A severe form of fecal impaction is often referred to as a fecaloma.  Terminology Fecal loading is a poorly defined term but generally refers to the volume of fecal material in the c...
Article

Falciform ligament hernia

Falciform ligament hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are a very rare type of internal hernia occurring through a defect in the falciform ligament. Epidemiology Exceedingly rare, thought to comprise just 0.2% of all internal hernias 4. Associations laparoscopic surgery 2 Clinical present...
Article

Right gastric vein

The right gastric vein, also known as pyloric vein, forms part of the venous drainage network of the stomach and proximal duodenum. It is a tributary of the portal vein. Gross anatomy Location The right gastric vein courses parallel to the right gastric artery adjacent to the lesser curvature...
Article

Esophageal balloon tamponade device

An esophageal balloon tamponade device is a form of balloon catheter designed to exert direct pressure on bleeding gastro-esophageal varices in order to obtain hemostasis. It is considered a temporizing measure in hemodynamically unstable patients in whom endoscopic (or angiographic) interventio...
Article

Dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a group of upper abdominal gastrointestinal symptoms often described as a burning sensation, discomfort, nausea and bloating, especially after meals. Epidemiology Dyspepsia is a common condition affecting up to 25% of the population in the United States. Clinical presentation bl...
Article

Pediatric upper gastrointestinal contrast study

Pediatric upper gastrointestinal contrast study is a method of imaging the stomach and proximal small bowel in neonates and babies, predominantly performed to investigate potential small bowel malrotation and resultant midgut volvulus. Indications The study is most often performed in neonates...

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