Items tagged “general surgery”
367 results found
Article
Sigmoid volvulus
Sigmoid volvulus is a cause of large bowel obstruction and occurs when the sigmoid colon twists on its mesentery, the sigmoid mesocolon.
Epidemiology
Large bowel volvulus accounts for ~5% of all large bowel obstructions, with ~60% of intestinal volvulus involving the sigmoid colon 6. It is mor...
Article
Richter hernia
Richter hernias, also known as parietal hernias, (alternative plural: herniae) are an abdominal hernia where only a portion of the bowel wall is herniated and comprise 10% of strangulated hernias. These hernias progress more rapidly to gangrene than other strangulated hernias but obstruction is ...
Article
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), formerly known as meconium ileus equivalent, is one of the many abdominal manifestations of cystic fibrosis. In older children or young adults with cystic fibrosis, the distal small bowel may become obstructed with a mucofaeculent material in the di...
Article
Puestow procedure
The Puestow procedure or lateral pancreaticojejunostomy is a lateral side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy that is used for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
The pancreas is essentially filleted along its long axis from the uncinate process to the tail and connected to a Roux en-Y loop of je...
Case
Rectal cancer (T3) and huge fibroids
Published
01 Sep 2009
77% complete
MRI
Article
Obturator hernia
Obturator hernias (alternative plural: herniae) are characterized by bowel herniating between the obturator and the pectineus muscles. They are a rare type of abdominal hernia and can be a challenge to diagnose clinically.
Epidemiology
Typically obturator hernias occur in older women 2,3 or pa...
Article
Adynamic ileus (mnemonic)
A mnemonic for the common causes of adynamic ileus is:
5 Ps
Mnemonic
The classic "5 Ps" are:
P: postoperative
P: peritonitis
P: potassium: low (also disturbances of other electrolytes)
P: pelvic and spinal fractures
P: parturition
However, there are a few further Ps that can be included...
Case
Bifid median nerve and persistent median artery of the forearm
Published
19 Oct 2009
91% complete
Ultrasound
Article
Mirizzi syndrome
Mirizzi syndrome refers to an uncommon phenomenon that results in extrinsic compression of an extrahepatic biliary duct from one or more calculi within the cystic duct or gallbladder. It is a functional hepatic syndrome but can often present with biliary duct dilatation and can mimic other hepat...
Article
Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytomas are an uncommon tumor of the adrenal gland, with characteristic clinical, and to a lesser degree, imaging features. The tumors are said to follow a 10% rule:
~10% are extra-adrenal
~10% are bilateral
~10% are malignant
~10% are found in children
~10% are not associated wit...
Article
Bile sump syndrome
Bile sump syndrome refers to a complication following a side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy.
Epidemiology
This complication occurs in ~1% of patients following a side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy.
Clinical presentation
Recurrent abdominal pain, cholangitis, pancreatitis, or biliary obstr...
Article
Benign vs malignant features of gallbladder polyps
In most instances predicting benign versus malignant histology of a gallbladder polyp based purely on imaging features is not possible. However, a number of features are helpful in helping to decide the management of a gallbladder polyp.
Benign features
size
polyps that are less than 5 mm in...
Article
Pancreatic trauma injury grading
A number of pancreatic injury grading systems have been proposed for pancreatic trauma.
Classifications
American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) 5,7
The proximal pancreas is defined as the gland to the right of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV)-portal vein axis whereas the dista...
Article
Rectus sheath hematoma
Rectus sheath hematomas, as the term implies, occur when a hematoma forms in the rectus abdominis muscle/rectus sheath. It is most common in its lower segment and is generally self-limiting.
Epidemiology
Rectus sheath hematomas are more common in women with a 3:1 F:M ratio.
Clinical presentat...
Article
Adrenal gland tumors
Despite its small size, the adrenal gland is affected by a relatively large number of neoplastic entities:
adrenal adenoma
adrenal myelolipoma
adrenal cortical carcinoma
adrenal pheochromocytoma
adrenal neuroblastoma
adrenal sarcoma
adrenal metastases
See also
adrenal lesions: for a mor...
Article
Acute cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis refers to the acute inflammation of the gallbladder. It is the primary complication of cholelithiasis and the most common cause of acute pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ).
Epidemiology
Acute cholecystitis is a common cause of hospital admission and is responsible for a...
Article
Diaphragmatic rupture
Diaphragmatic rupture often results from blunt abdominal trauma. The mechanism of injury is typically a motor-vehicle collision.
Epidemiology
Given that the most common mechanism is motor vehicle collisions, it is perhaps unsurprising that young men are most frequently affected. The estimated ...
Article
Inguinal hernia
Inguinal hernias (herniae also used) is the type of groin herniation (part of the larger group of abdominal wall hernias) that occurs above the inguinal ligament and through the inguinal canal.
Epidemiology
Inguinal hernias are the commonest type of abdominal wall hernias (up to 80% 3) and are...
Article
Double duct sign
The double duct sign refers to the presence of simultaneous dilatation of the common bile and pancreatic ducts. Being an anatomical sign it can be seen on all modalities that can visualize the region, including: MRI, CT, ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In ge...
Case
Rectal foreign body
Published
18 Dec 2010
85% complete
X-ray
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