Items tagged “gynecology”
18 results found
Article
Intrauterine contraceptive device
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) (also known as intrauterine devices (IUD) and colloquially commonly as the coil) are one of the most frequently used methods of contraception throughout the world. It prevents pregnancy by:
thinning the endometrial lining
preventing sperm motility
pre...
Article
Ovarian tumors
Ovarian tumors are relatively common and account for ~6% of female malignancies. This article focuses on the general classification of ovarian tumors. For specific tumor features, please refer to the relevant subarticles.
Pathology
Subtypes
Primary ovarian tumors
Surface epithelial-stromal o...
Article
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a common, chronic gynecological condition defined as the presence of functional endometrial glands and stroma-like lesions outside the uterus. It manifests in three ways: superficial (peritoneal) disease, ovarian disease (endometriomas), and deep endometriosis.
Endometriosis is...
Article
Ovarian torsion
Ovarian torsion occurs when the ovary rotates around its supporting ligaments, twisting and squashing the accompanying blood vessels and lymphatics. The term adnexal torsion is preferred because a portion of the fallopian tube is commonly torsed along with the ovary. The term adnexal torsion als...
Article
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Tubo-ovarian abscesses are one of the late complications of pelvic inflammatory disease.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Risk factors for tubo-ovarian abscesses include 15:
previous pelvic inflammatory disease 16
intrauterine device
multiple sexual partners
diabetes mellitus
imm...
Article
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis (or uterine adenomyosis) is a common uterine condition of ectopic endometrial tissue in the myometrium, sometimes considered a spectrum of endometriosis. Although most commonly asymptomatic, it may present with menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea.
Pelvic imaging (i.e. ultrasound, MRI) may ...
Article
Uterine leiomyoma
Uterine leiomyomas, also known as uterine fibroids, are benign tumors of myometrial origin and are the most common solid benign uterine neoplasms. Commonly an incidental finding on imaging, they rarely cause a diagnostic dilemma.
Epidemiology
They are clinically apparent in ~25% of women of re...
Article
Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
Hemorrhagic ovarian cysts usually result from hemorrhage into a corpus luteum or other functional cyst. Radiographic features are variable depending on the age of the hemorrhage. They typically resolve within 8 weeks.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with sudden-onset pelvic pain, p...
Article
Endometrial carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma is generally considered the most common gynecological malignancy. It frequently presents with vaginal bleeding. Both ultrasound and pelvic MRI are useful modalities for evaluation.
Epidemiology
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy, with peak i...
Article
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a broad term that encompasses a spectrum of infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract, resulting in a range of abnormalities.
Epidemiology
The highest incidence is seen among sexually-active women in their teens, with 75% of cases being ...
Article
IUCD-related uterine perforation
IUCD-related uterine perforations are one of the causes of uterine perforation. It is a rare, but serious complication of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), and is often clinically silent.
Epidemiology
The incidence rate is reported at ~2 in 1000 2.
Risk factors
postpartum period ...
Article
Gynecological ultrasound set-pieces
The clinical history will nearly always lead to a short differential or the answer. Show off to the examiner that you have a structured approach to reporting and managing the patient.
Structured approach
uterus: size, version and shape (normal or variant which you should elaborate on and say w...
Article
Acute pelvic pain
Acute pelvic pain is a common presenting symptom to the emergency department and radiologist. Pelvic ultrasound with transabdominal and endovaginal approaches is usually the first line imaging modality.
Clinical presentation
non-cyclical pain usually of more acute onset
pain of <3 months dura...
Article
Ruptured ovarian cyst
Ruptured ovarian cysts are one of the most common causes of acute pelvic pain in premenopausal women. The sonographic appearance depends on whether a simple or hemorrhagic ovarian cyst ruptures, and whether the cyst has completely collapsed. The most important differential consideration is a rup...
Case
Struma ovarii
Published
03 Oct 2019
91% complete
Photo
Pathology
Ultrasound
Article
Vulvar varices
Vulvar varices (or vulval) are dilated superficial veins of the external female genitalia, which are primarily seen during pregnancy and usually resolve spontaneously postpartum.
Epidemiology
Vulvar varicosities are seen in up to 4% of pregnant females in the vulvar and perivulvar region, and ...
Case
Cystic struma ovarii tumor
Published
02 Apr 2023
98% complete
MRI
CT
Photo
Ultrasound
Case
Intrauterine fetal demise
Published
22 Jul 2023
94% complete
Ultrasound