Items tagged “infectious disease”
91 results found
Article
CNS cryptococcosis
CNS cryptococcosis results from infection of the central nervous system with the yeast-like fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. It is the most common fungal infection and second most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system.
For a general discussion of infection with this organi...
Article
Ascariasis
Ascariasis is due to infection with the Ascaris lumbricoides adult worm and typically presents with gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms, depending on the stage of development.
Epidemiology
Ascaris lumbricoides is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and in other humid ar...
Article
Dracunculiasis
Dracunculiasis (also known as guinea worm disease) is a potentially disabling infection caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis.
Epidemiology
As recently as the mid-1980s, dracunculiasis was endemic to the Nile Valley, central and western Africa, India, Pakistan, Iran, and other parts of...
Article
Cerebral malaria
Cerebral malaria is a rare intracranial complication of a malarial infection.
Epidemiology
Cerebral malaria is mainly encountered in young children and adults living or traveling in malaria-endemic areas. It is estimated to occur in ~2% of patients with acute Plasmodium falciparum infection, t...
Article
Flavivirus encephalitis
Flavivirus encephalitis (plural: encephalitides) includes a number of entities which characteristically involve the basal ganglia and thalami.
Clinical presentation
Typically these conditions present with a prodrome which is non-specific but highly suggestive of a viral infection. Symptoms in...
Article
Pneumatocele
Pneumatoceles are intrapulmonary gas-filled cystic spaces that can have a variety of sizes and appearances. They usually occur as a result of a pneumonia or in neonates are the result of a ventilator-induced lung injury. They should not be mistaken for a cavitating lung mass.
Epidemiology
Alt...
Article
Neonatal chest radiograph in the exam setting
The neonatal chest radiograph in the exam setting may strike fear into the heart of many radiology registrars, but it need not!
There are only a limited number of diagnoses that will be presented on such films and they are often highlighted by the history.
Gestation
First of all, have a look ...
Article
Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure is a term to denote when the respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas exchange functions: oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. This results in arterial oxygen and/or carbon dioxide levels being unable to be maintained within their normal ranges. While it is n...
Article
Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) encompasses a number of entities, united by the presence of mucosal ulceration secondary to the effects of gastric acid. Since the recognition of Helicobacter pylori as a common causative agent and the development of powerful anti-acid medications, peptic ulcer disease...
Article
Pulmonary nocardiosis
Pulmonary nocardiosis is an infrequent but severe opportunistic infection typified by necrotic or cavitary consolidation in an immunocompromised patient. It is caused by Nocardia spp.
Epidemiology
The condition is rare in general. Immunocompromised patients, particularly those with impaired ce...
Case
Renal hydatid cyst
Published
21 Feb 2013
83% complete
CT
Article
Luetic aneurysm
Luetic aneurysms (also known as syphilitic aneurysms) are a type of aneurysm occurring usually secondary to syphilitic aortitis.
For a general discussion, and for links to other system-specific manifestations, please refer to the article on syphilis.
Pathology
The responsible organism is a ...
Article
Parapharyngeal abscess
Parapharyngeal abscesses are deep neck abscesses involving the parapharyngeal space. It is a serious medical condition, potentially fatal, and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Epidemiology
A person of any age can develop a parapharyngeal abscess, but it is most commonly seen in childre...
Case
Bilateral ureteritis and cystitis
Published
21 Oct 2013
77% complete
CT
Case
Acute pyelonephritis
Published
28 Nov 2013
71% complete
CT
Article
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of any of the tonsils and is one of the most common head and neck infections in adolescents and young adults.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with a variety of symptoms including painful throat (may be unilateral), dysphagia, fevers, tender cervica...
Case
Tuberculous peritonitis with pleural effusions
Published
23 Dec 2013
59% complete
CT
Case
Pulmonary hydatid cyst
Published
30 Dec 2013
92% complete
CT
Article
Scrotal filariasis
Scrotal filariasis is a manifestation of filariasis and refers to scrotal involvement from parasitic nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea.
Epidemiology
Known disease of the tropics and subtropics and a cause of morbidity in Asia, Africa and the Western Pacific regions 2.
Clinical presenta...
Article
Tuberculous arthropathy
Tuberculous arthropathy is a type of musculoskeletal manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) and a common cause of infectious arthritis in developing countries. Any pathological joint lesion where the exact diagnosis is equivocal should be considered tubercular in origin unless proven otherwise.
Ple...