Items tagged “infectious disease”

91 results found
Article

CNS cryptococcosis

CNS cryptococcosis results from infection of the central nervous system with the yeast-like fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. It is the most common fungal infection and second most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system. For a general discussion of infection with this organi...
Article

Ascariasis

Ascariasis is due to infection with the Ascaris lumbricoides adult worm and typically presents with gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms, depending on the stage of development.   Epidemiology Ascaris lumbricoides is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and in other humid ar...
Article

Dracunculiasis

Dracunculiasis (also known as guinea worm disease) is a potentially disabling infection caused by the parasite Dracunculus medinensis. Epidemiology As recently as the mid-1980s, dracunculiasis was endemic to the Nile Valley, central and western Africa, India, Pakistan, Iran, and other parts of...
Article

Cerebral malaria

Cerebral malaria is a rare intracranial complication of a malarial infection. Epidemiology Cerebral malaria is mainly encountered in young children and adults living or traveling in malaria-endemic areas. It is estimated to occur in ~2% of patients with acute Plasmodium falciparum infection, t...
Article

Flavivirus encephalitis

Flavivirus encephalitis (plural: encephalitides) includes a number of entities which characteristically involve the basal ganglia and thalami.  Clinical presentation Typically these conditions present with a prodrome which is non-specific but highly suggestive of a viral infection. Symptoms in...
Article

Pneumatocele

Pneumatoceles are intrapulmonary gas-filled cystic spaces that can have a variety of sizes and appearances. They usually occur as a result of a pneumonia or in neonates are the result of a ventilator-induced lung injury. They should not be mistaken for a cavitating lung mass.  Epidemiology Alt...
Article

Neonatal chest radiograph in the exam setting

The neonatal chest radiograph in the exam setting may strike fear into the heart of many radiology registrars, but it need not! There are only a limited number of diagnoses that will be presented on such films and they are often highlighted by the history. Gestation First of all, have a look ...
Article

Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure is a term to denote when the respiratory system fails in one or both of its gas exchange functions: oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. This results in arterial oxygen and/or carbon dioxide levels being unable to be maintained within their normal ranges. While it is n...
Article

Peptic ulcer disease

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) encompasses a number of entities, united by the presence of mucosal ulceration secondary to the effects of gastric acid. Since the recognition of Helicobacter pylori as a common causative agent and the development of powerful anti-acid medications, peptic ulcer disease...
Article

Pulmonary nocardiosis

Pulmonary nocardiosis is an infrequent but severe opportunistic infection typified by necrotic or cavitary consolidation in an immunocompromised patient. It is caused by Nocardia spp. Epidemiology The condition is rare in general. Immunocompromised patients, particularly those with impaired ce...
Case

Renal hydatid cyst

  Diagnosis almost certain
Saeed Soltany Hosn
Published 21 Feb 2013
83% complete
CT
Article

Luetic aneurysm

Luetic aneurysms (also known as syphilitic aneurysms) are a type of aneurysm occurring usually secondary to syphilitic aortitis.  For a general discussion, and for links to other system-specific manifestations, please refer to the article on syphilis.  Pathology The responsible organism is a ...
Article

Parapharyngeal abscess

Parapharyngeal abscesses are deep neck abscesses involving the parapharyngeal space. It is a serious medical condition, potentially fatal, and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Epidemiology A person of any age can develop a parapharyngeal abscess, but it is most commonly seen in childre...
Case

Bilateral ureteritis and cystitis

  Diagnosis almost certain
Henry Knipe
Published 21 Oct 2013
77% complete
CT
Case

Acute pyelonephritis

  Diagnosis probable
James Sheldon
Published 28 Nov 2013
71% complete
CT
Article

Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis refers to inflammation of any of the tonsils and is one of the most common head and neck infections in adolescents and young adults. Clinical presentation Patients may present with a variety of symptoms including painful throat (may be unilateral), dysphagia, fevers, tender cervica...
Case

Tuberculous peritonitis with pleural effusions

  Diagnosis probable
Paul Leong
Published 23 Dec 2013
59% complete
CT
Case

Pulmonary hydatid cyst

  Diagnosis certain
Paul Leong
Published 30 Dec 2013
92% complete
CT
Article

Scrotal filariasis

Scrotal filariasis is a manifestation of filariasis and refers to scrotal involvement from parasitic nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea. Epidemiology Known disease of the tropics and subtropics and a cause of morbidity in Asia, Africa and the Western Pacific regions 2. Clinical presenta...
Article

Tuberculous arthropathy

Tuberculous arthropathy is a type of musculoskeletal manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) and a common cause of infectious arthritis in developing countries. Any pathological joint lesion where the exact diagnosis is equivocal should be considered tubercular in origin unless proven otherwise. Ple...

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