Items tagged “metastases”
9 results found
Article
Hepatic metastases
Hepatic metastases are 18-40 times more common than primary liver tumours 6. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI are helpful in detecting hepatic metastases and evaluation across multiple post-contrast CT series, or MRI pulse sequences are necessary.
Epidemiology
The demographics of patients with liver m...
Article
Pulmonary metastases
Pulmonary metastases refer to distant tumour spread from a variety of primary tumours to the lungs via the blood or lymphatics.
This article primarily describes haematogenous pulmonary metastases while lymphangitic carcinomatosis is discussed separately.
Epidemiology
Lung metastases are commo...
Article
Metastases to testis
Metastases to testis are a very rare cause of a testicular mass and may be bilateral in up to 15% of patients.
Epidemiology
Metastases to the testes are apparent in ~0.04% of autopsy studies in patients with known malignancy. The average age is 57 years, much older than the primary age for pr...
Article
Orbital metastasis
Orbital metastases are relatively uncommon, but some primary tumours do have a predilection to metastasise to the orbit.
This article concerns itself with extraocular metastases, rather than intraocular tumours or direct extension of tumours from neighbouring regions. For a discussion of intrao...
Article
Common calcifying metastases (mnemonic)
A simple mnemonic to recall a list of commonly calcifying metastases is:
BOTOM
Mnemonic
B: breast cancer
O: osteosarcoma
T: papillary thyroid cancer
O: ovarian cancer (especially mucinous)
M: mucinous adenocarcinoma (especially colorectal carcinoma)
Article
Intramedullary spinal metastasis
Intramedullary spinal metastases are rare, occurring in ~1% of autopsied cancer patients, and are less common than leptomeningeal metastases.
Intramedullary lesions may result from:
growth along the Virchow-Robin spaces
haematogenous dissemination
direct extension from the leptomeninges
Epi...
Article
Endobronchial metastases (mnemonic)
Primary neoplasms which may result in endobronchial metastases may be memorised by utilising the following mnemonic:
Kiss My RBC 1
Mnemonic
K: Kaposi sarcoma
M: melanoma
R: renal cell carcinoma
B: breast cancer
C: colorectal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, carcinoid
See also
endobronchi...
Article
Tumours that metastasise to bone (mnemonic)
Tumours that metastasise to bone may be remembered using the mnemonic "PBKTL", rendered as "lead kettle", as "Pb" is the standard abbreviation for the chemical element, lead.
PB-KTL
Mnemonic
P: prostate
B: breast
K: kidney
T: thyroid
L: lung
For females, breast and lung are the most comm...
Article
Metastatic melanoma
Metastatic melanoma is known for its aggressive nature and for its ability to metastasise to a variety of atypical locations, which is why it demonstrates poor prognostic characteristics.
Epidemiology
Melanoma accounts for ~5% of all skin cancers, however, it remains the leading cause of death...
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