Items tagged “pathology”
16 results found
Article
Hepatoblastoma histological classification
Although hepatoblastomas can be histologically classified into a variety of subtypes, it is important to remember that with the possible exception of small cell undifferentiated subtype, prognosis is independent of histology when adjusted for stage gender and age 1.
major categories
epithelial...
Article
Rosenthal fibers
Rosenthal fibers are astrocytic cytoplasmic inclusions, typically found in areas of longstanding gliosis. These elongated or "corkscrew" structures occur within astrocytic processes and are brightly eosinophilic (stain bright pink on the H&E stain) 1-3. They represent astrocytic processes swolle...
Article
Blood-brain barrier
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) forms a physical resistance to the passage of lipophobic substances from cerebral capillaries into the brain and is a key reason why there is no CSF enhancement following intravenous contrast media on CT and MRI.
Gross anatomy
The blood-brain barrier is formed by ...
Article
Neurofibrillary tangles
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are abnormal cytoplasmic accumulations of tau proteins, found in neuronal and glial cells of the central nervous system. They are responsible for a number of neurodegenerative diseases (collectively known as tauopathies) including 1:
progressive supranuclear palsy...
Article
Pick bodies
Pick bodies are intracytoplasmic spherical inclusions found in Pick disease. They are composed of tau fibrils (thus Pick disease is a tauopathy) arranged in a disorderly array 1. Although tau protein is a major component a number of other protein products are present, including ubiquitin and tub...
Article
Neuritic plaques
Neuritic plaques (also known as senile plaques) are pathological extracellular aggregates formed around a core of amyloid β peptide and are a hallmark of Alzheimer disease.
They should not be confused with neurofibrillary tangles which are intracytoplasmic.
Pathology
Neuritic plaques are ext...
Article
Adenoma-carcinoma sequence
The adenoma-carcinoma sequence refers to a stepwise pattern of mutational activation of oncogenes (e.g. K-ras) and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (e.g. p53) that results in cancer. An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these are often mutated or ex...
Article
Inflammation
Inflammation is a response to noxious stimuli that can be acute or chronic.
The cardinal signs of inflammation include:
heat (calor)
redness (rubor)
swelling (tumor)
pain (dolor)
loss of tissue function (functio laesa)
Subtypes
Acute Inflammation
Acute inflammation occurs within the fir...
Article
Homer Wright rosettes
Homer Wright rosettes are differentiated tumor cells grouped around a central region containing neuropil (therefore its association with tumors of neuronal origin).
Pathology
Examples of tumors where these can be seen include:
medulloblastoma (the presence of Homer Wright rosettes in a poster...
Article
RANZCR pathology examination
The RANZCR pathology examination is part of the RANZCR Phase 2 written examinations. It aims to assess both core and advanced knowledge of pathology, and its application to current radiological practice.
The examination can be attempted as early as 12 months from the start of training if all th...
Article
Second branchial cleft fistula
Second branchial cleft fistulae are congenital anomalies of embryonic development of branchial apparatus with the external cutaneous ostium in the lateral neck connecting to the tonsillar fossa. They can be diagnosed as a result of typical clinical presentation, seen as a small opening just in f...
Article
Fecal calprotectin
Fecal calprotectin (FCAL) is a protein marker of gut inflammation. It is used as a diagnostic tool and marker of disease activity for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
Biochemistry
Calprotectin is a protein complex from the S-100 family, which is formed of three polypeptide chains, two hea...
Article
Giemsa stain
Giemsa stain is a commonly used histological stain that colors the cytoplasm blue to pink (depending on its acidity) and the nucleus blue to black 1. It serves as the diagnostic gold standard of histopathological staining of blood samples from patients with plasmodium-borne malaria, and as the b...
Article
Feeding artery sign (endometrial polyp)
Feeding artery sign (a.k.a. pedicle artery sign) refers to the presence of a single feeding artery to endometrial lesion using color/power Doppler on ultrasonography. It is often seen in endometrial polyps 1. The feeding vessel indicates the stalk attachment of the polyp to the uterus.
Endometr...
Article
Gain of function
Gain of function represents the set of laboratory techniques thanks to which it is possible to genetically modify a pathogen (for example a virus) in order to provide it with new capabilities.The field of application of the gain-of-function, in fact, is virology, in order to improve the understa...
Article
Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver stain
Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain is a histological stain frequently used to screen specimens for fungal organisms. The procedure relies on the presence of polysaccharides along the fungal cell wall.
During the staining process, chromic acid is first applied to the specimen which ox...
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