Items tagged “references”
9 results found
Article
Cervical canal stenosis
Cervical canal stenosis is a general term that refers to the abnormal narrowing of the cervical spinal canal that compromises the nerve root and/or spinal cord resulting in radiculopathy and/or compressive myelopathy. The most common cause of cervical spinal canal stenosis is age-related degener...
Article
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as left ventricular chamber dilation with global or regional systolic dysfunction not sufficiently explained by abnormal loading conditions (such as valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, hypertension etc.) or coronary artery disease 1-4.
It m...
Article
Incarcerated uterus
An incarcerated uterus or trapped uterus describes an uncommon situation where a retroverted or retroflexed gravid uterus fails to ascend into the abdominal cavity.
Epidemiology
This is an uncommon presentation and is said to occur in 1 in 3000 pregnancies 1. Uncomplicated retroversion may be ...
Article
Potato nodes
Potato nodes are a classical moniker for the large nodes seen in the lung hila and mediastinum on the chest radiograph in pulmonary sarcoidosis. This name is derived from the characteristic bulky irregular morphology of the nodes which is reminiscent of large lumpy potatoes. Although this appear...
Article
Tetanus
Tetanus is a rare vaccine-preventable disease caused by Clostridium tetani, a ubiquitous soil bacterium which contaminates open wounds. It secretes a powerful neurotoxin which degrades neuromuscular junction function, producing muscle spasms and, despite intensive intervention, is often fatal.
...
Article
Ossification of the interosseous membrane of the leg
Ossification of the interosseous membrane of the leg is considered a form of heterotopic ossification. It is typically seen as bridging ossification between the tibia and fibula.
Three types have been described.
type I: usually occurs after a syndesmosis ankle sprain
type II: usually from a t...
Article
Residual tumor classification
Residual tumor classification, also known as R classification, defines how complete the resection of a malignancy has been at surgery. It has an important prognostic implication.
Classification
R0: no residual tumor
R1: microscopic residual tumor
R2: macroscopic residual tumor
An R0 resecti...
Article
Nezelof syndrome
Nezelof syndrome is a hereditary primary immunodeficiency state caused by thymic dysplasia, lack of T cell function and normal levels of immunoglobulins.
Epidemiology
Nezelof syndrome is extremely rare.
Clinical presentation
Common clinical features include 4,5
failure to thrive
metaphysea...
Article
Conditional probability
Probability is the likelihood of a random outcome (called an “event”) and is written as P(event)= x, where x is a number ≥0 and ≤1. Using this notation, the probability of rolling a 2 with a fair 6-sided die is written as P(2)=1/6. A probability of 0 means that an event is impossible while a pro...
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