Items tagged “refs”
2,968 results found
Article
Anterior cervical angle
The anterior cervical angle is a novel ultrasound parameter that is being used as a predictor of spontaneous preterm birth.
Measurement
The angle between the uterine wall and the cervical canal is measured during the first and the second trimester by a transvaginal ultrasound. It is measured u...
Article
Colic branch of the ileocolic artery
The colic branch of the ileocolic artery supplies blood to the ascending colon. It courses superiorly along the left side of the ascending colon before anastomosing with the descending branch of the right colic artery to supply blood to the cecum and proximal ascending colon 1,2.
Article
Radial nerve block (ultrasound-guided)
Radial nerve blocks are a procedure for delivering anesthesia to the radial nerve territory either as a standalone blockade or in conjunction with a brachial plexus, ulnar or median nerve block.
Indications
association with median nerve block
radial tunnel syndrome
forearm and hand surgical ...
Article
Ulnar nerve block (ultrasound-guided)
Ulnar nerve blocks are an approach for delivering anesthesia to the ulnar nerve territory either as a standalone blockade or combined with brachial plexus, radial or median nerve block.
Indications
burns involving tissue in the ulnar nerve territory
rescue analgesia for failed brachial plexus...
Article
Propylene glycol peak
Propylene glycol is one of the possible peaks in MR spectroscopy (MRS) and resonates at 1.13 ppm.
Propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol) is a solvent of various intravenous drugs (e.g. phenobarbital), which is the first therapeutic choice for neonatal convulsions ref. Due to metabolic immaturity, n...
Article
Outbreak
An outbreak is an epidemiological term used to describe the sudden occurrence of a disease or condition in patterns greater than those expected in a specific geographical area at a specific time. The term is not exclusively used for infectious diseases, e.g. in 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear reacto...
Article
FABS position
The FABS position relates to MRI elbow examinations for improved visualization of the distal biceps brachii tendon insertion and is a mnemonic for elbow flexed, shoulder abducted and forearm supinated.
Article
Total pelvic exenteration
Total pelvic exenteration refers to extensive surgical resection of pelvic structures to treat locally advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancies. It is performed to obtain optimal excision of tumor radical margins which can be difficult in pelvis given proximity and often local invasion of adjac...
Article
Complex adnexal mass - differential diagnosis (mnemonic)
A mnemonic for the differential diagnosis of complex adnexal masses is:
CHEETAH
Mnemonic
C: cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma (serous and mucinous)
H: hemorrhagic ovarian cyst
E: endometrioma
E: ectopic pregnancy
T: teratoma/torsion
A: abscess (tubo-ovarian)
H: hydrosalpinx/hematosalpinx (...
Article
Living donor liver transplantation
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a lengthy and complex operation in which one or several hepatic lobes or segments from the potential donor are resected and transplanted into the recipient patient after excision of the diseased liver.
Other types of liver transplant are discussed he...
Article
Meniscus sign (myelography)
The meniscus sign refers to the intradural filling defect which is outlined by the sharp meniscus of intrathecal contrast due to blockage of subarachnoid space by an intradural lesion. The CSF above the blocked segment remains unopacified.
Article
Oxygen masks
Oxygen masks are commonly visible on chest imaging, as they are generally not removed before the examination is performed.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Oxygen masks are of soft-tissue density and may mimic lung lesions. A nebuliser mask with liquid in its cup causing an air-fluid l...
Article
Robust rheumatoid arthritis
Robust rheumatoid arthritis refers to a rare variant of rheumatoid arthritis with marked subchondral cysts (geodes) and preserved bone density 1,2. Patients remain in good health usually with few - or even no - symptoms, hence the epithet "robust" 2.
Epidemiology
This entity is very rare, but ...
Article
Gastroptosis
Gastroptosis is characterized by abnormal downward displacement of the stomach. It may be part of a wider spectrum called visceroptosis.
Epidemiology
There is paucity of literature about the actual prevalence of the condition. It is more common in females.
Clinical presentation
It has nonspe...
Article
Rotating envelope x-ray tube
Rotating envelope x-ray tubes (RET), are a relatively novel type of high-performance x-ray tube developed in the early 2000s. Their two main features are the direct contact of the anode plate with the cooling oil, and rotation of the entire envelope around the axis of the anode.
In rotating en...
Article
Hepatic myelolipoma
Hepatic myelolipoma is a rare, benign fat-containing lesion of the liver, usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. Its diagnosis by imaging remains difficult because of a lack of pathognomonic signs. The definite diagnosis is by resection or biopsy.
Epidemiology
Hepatic myelolipomas are ...
Article
Hepatic teratoma
Hepatic teratomas are extremely rare and represent either intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal teratomas that have invaded the liver. Hepatic teratomas comprise <1% of all teratomas.
Epidemiology
These are extremely rare with only a few case reports have been described in the literature. The ma...
Article
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a relatively new treatment for certain cancers which result in immune system-mediated destruction of tumor cells.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors act through a unique mechanism of action when compared with those of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. They c...
Article
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy related pneumonitis
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-related pneumonitis is one of the complications that can occur in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Epidemiology
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy-related pneumonitis is considered a rare complication with a reported incidence of <5% in m...
Article
Depositional arthropathy
Depositional arthropathy refers to a group of joint disorders caused by the depositional of substances within and/or around joints.
Diseases include:
crystal arthropathy
calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD)
gout
hydroxyapatite crystal deposition disease (HADD)
haemop...
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