Items tagged “rg_38_4_edit”
22 results found
Article
Cephalohematoma
Cephalohematomas are traumatic subperiosteal hematomas of the skull that are usually caused by birth injury. They are bound between the periosteum and cranium, and therefore cannot cross sutures. Being bound by a suture line distinguishes them from subgaleal hematoma, which can cross sutures.
E...
Article
Craniosynostosis
Craniosynostosis (plural: craniosynostoses) refers to the premature closure of the cranial sutures. The skull shape then undergoes characteristic changes depending on which suture(s) close early.
Epidemiology
There is a 3:1 male predominance with an overall incidence of 1 in 2000-2500. 8% of c...
Article
Fibromatosis colli
Fibromatosis colli is a rare form of infantile fibromatosis that occurs within the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Epidemiology
Fibromatosis colli typically presents a few weeks after birth. There may be a slight male predilection.
Clinical presentation
Infants present with swelling in the neck ...
Article
Lemierre syndrome
Lemierre syndrome (also known as postanginal septicemia) refers to thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein(s) with distant metastatic anaerobic septicemia in the setting of initial bacterial oropharyngeal infection such as pharyngitis/tonsillitis into lateral pharyngeal spaces of the neck ...
Article
Lymphatic malformations
Lymphatic malformations are benign lesions of vascular origin that show lymphatic differentiation. Specifically, they are vascular malformations and not vascular tumors as per the 2018 ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies 5.
This article focuses on the general features of lymphatic malfo...
Article
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a non-caseating granulomatous multisystem disease with a wide range of clinical and radiographic manifestations.
Individual systemic manifestations are discussed in respective articles:
pulmonary and mediastinal manifestations
cardiac manifestations
musculoskeletal manifest...
Article
Takayasu arteritis
Takayasu arteritis (TAK), also known as idiopathic medial aortopathy or pulseless disease, is a granulomatous large vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects the aorta and its major branches. It may also affect the pulmonary arteries. The exact cause is not well known but the pathology is tho...
Article
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common type of congenital neck cysts and pediatric neck masses. They are typically located in the midline and are the most common midline neck mass in young patients. They can be diagnosed with multiple imaging modalities including ultrasound, CT and MRI.
Ep...
Article
Sarcoidosis (thoracic manifestations)
Pulmonary and mediastinal involvement of sarcoidosis is extremely common, seen in over 90% of patients with sarcoidosis. Radiographic features are variable depending on the stage of the disease.
For a general discussion, please refer to the parent article: sarcoidosis.
Epidemiology
Pulmonary...
Article
Kawasaki disease
Kawasaki disease is a small to medium vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting young children. It can affect any organ but there is a predilection for the coronary vessels.
Epidemiology
Japan has the highest incidence in the world, with an annual incidence of 3 per 1000 children under the age...
Article
Rhabdomyosarcomas (head and neck)
Rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck represent a large proportion (~40%) of all rhabdomyosarcomas and are the most common soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck. For a general discussion of this tumor, please refer to rhabdomyosarcoma.
Pathology
There are usually of the embryonal in cell ...
Article
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (skeletal manifestations)
The skeleton is the most commonly involved organ system in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and is by far the most common location for single-lesion LCH, often referred to as eosinophilic granuloma (EG) (the terms are used interchangeably in this article). For a general discussion of this dis...
Article
Sarcoidosis (cardiac manifestations)
Cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis is a manifestation of sarcoidosis which is often asymptomatic, although can be associated with high mortality 8. Autopsy studies show prevalence of ~25% cardiac involvement, yet only 5-10% are found symptomatic 1,2.
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder chara...
Article
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), previously known as Churg-Strauss syndrome is characterized by asthma, eosinophilia and small vessel necrotizing vasculitis and involves the lungs and other organs.
Epidemiology
The incidence typically peaks in middle age, 30-50 years of ag...
Article
Behçet disease
Behçet disease is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology.
Epidemiology
The mean age at which Behçet disease occurs is 20-30 years. The disease is most prevalent in the Mediterranean, Middle East and East Asia. It is rarely reported in Europe. The highest incide...
Article
Cardiac fibroma
Cardiac fibromas, also known as cardiac fibromatosis, are benign congenital cardiac tumors that usually manifest in children.
Epidemiology
Cardiac fibromas are tumors that primarily affect children (most cases are detected in infants or in utero) with a ratio of 4:1 compared with adults 5. Th...
Article
Subgaleal hematoma
Subgaleal hematoma describes scalp bleeding in the potential space between the periosteum and the galeal aponeurosis. It is a rare but possibly lethal emergency.
Epidemiology
Moderate to severe presentations occur in 1.5 of 10,000 live births. It most commonly occurs after vacuum-assisted and ...
Article
Epidermal inclusion cyst
Epidermal inclusion cysts or epidermal cysts are common cutaneous lesions that represent proliferation of squamous epithelium within a confined space in the dermis or subdermis.
Terminology
These are occasionally termed sebaceous cysts, although this is a misnomer as the lesion does not origin...
Article
Left ventricular assist device
Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are mechanical circulatory support device that are surgically implanted to aid pumping blood in patients with severe refractory cardiac failure. It may be used as a bridge to heart transplantation, or as destination therapy in patients who are not a transpl...
Article
Parachute device
A parachute device or ventricular partitioning device is a percutaneously inserted cardiac device aimed at improving cardiac output and reducing cardiac remodeling in patients following myocardial infarction.
Principle
The device consists of an umbrella shaped frame with a overlying membrane, ...
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