Items tagged “rg_39_1_edit”
29 results found
Article
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are focal dilatations of the abdominal aorta measuring 50% greater than the proximal normal segment or >3 cm in maximum diameter.
They can be confined to the abdominal aorta or continue from the thoracic aorta as part of a thoraco-abdominal aneurysm (TAAA).
The...
Article
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis (plural: pancreatitides) is an acute inflammation of the pancreas and potentially life-threatening.
Terminology
Two subtypes of acute pancreatitis are described in the Revised Atlanta Classification 1:
interstitial edematous pancreatitis
the vast majority (90-95%)
most o...
Article
Adrenal adenoma
Adrenal adenomas (alternative plural: adenomata) are the most common adrenal lesion and are often found incidentally during abdominal imaging for other reasons. In all cases, but especially in the setting of known current or previous malignancy, adrenal adenomas need to be distinguished from adr...
Article
Renal angiomyolipoma
Renal angiomyolipomas (AML) are a type of benign renal neoplasm encountered both sporadically and as part of a phakomatosis, most commonly tuberous sclerosis. They are considered one of a number of tumors with perivascular epithelioid cellular differentiation (PEComas) and are composed of vascul...
Article
Schmorl nodes
Schmorl nodes, also known as intravertebral disc herniations, refer to protrusions of the cartilage of the intervertebral disc through the vertebral body endplate and into the adjacent vertebra. The protrusions may contact the marrow of the vertebra, leading to inflammation.
Epidemiology
Quies...
Article
Spondylodiscitis
Spondylodiscitis, (rare plural: spondylodiscitides) also referred to as discitis-osteomyelitis, is characterized by infection involving the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebrae.
Terminology
In adults, the use of the term discitis is generally discouraged as isolated infection of the spin...
Article
Leukodystrophies
The leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that primarily affect the white matter of the central nervous system. They are particularly encountered in childhood as many are genetically determined and represent abnormalities in white matter metabolism. A number of leukodystrophies...
Article
Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi anywhere along the course of the urinary tracts. For the purpose of the article, the terms urolithiasis, nephrolithiasis, and renal/kidney stones are used interchangeably, although some authors have slightly varying definitions of each.
See main a...
Article
Diffuse hepatic steatosis
Diffuse hepatic steatosis, also known as fatty liver, is a common imaging finding and can lead to difficulties assessing the liver appearances, especially when associated with focal fatty sparing.
Epidemiology
Diffuse hepatic steatosis is common, affecting ~25% of the population.
Pathology
...
Article
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a lung disease characterized by an abnormal intra-alveolar accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoproteinaceous material.
On imaging, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is classically associated with the lung crazy paving pattern on CT, although it is a rare ...
Article
Tuberculous spondylitis
Tuberculous spondylitis, also known as Pott disease, refers to vertebral body osteomyelitis and intervertebral discitis from tuberculosis (TB). The spine is the most frequent location of musculoskeletal tuberculosis, and commonly related symptoms are back pain and lower limb weakness/paraplegia....
Article
Krabbe disease
Krabbe disease, also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting in damage to cells involved in myelin turnover. It thus affects both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system (manifesting as a leukodystrophy).
Epidemi...
Article
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is an inherited metabolic peroxisomal disorder and one of the more common leukodystrophies in both children and adults. It is characterized by lack of oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) that results in severe inflammatory demyelination typically of th...
Article
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is the most common hereditary (autosomal recessive) leukodystrophy and is one of the lysosomal storage disorders. It has characteristic imaging features including peri-atrial and to a lesser extent frontal horns leukodystrophy as well as periventricular periven...
Article
Myeloid sarcoma
Myeloid sarcomas, also called granulocytic sarcomas, chloromas, or extramedullary myeloid tumors, are rare extramedullary masses comprised of myeloid precursor cells. These tumors represent a unique presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whether in isolation to, preceding, or simultaneous...
Article
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a rare benign cause of acute or subacute small bowel obstruction. It is characterized by total or partial encasement of the small bowel within a thick fibrocollagenous membrane.
Terminology
The condition was originally termed abdominal cocoon. The conditio...
Article
Thymic hyperplasia
Thymic hyperplasia is a disorder whereby there is hyperplasia of the thymus.
Pathology
Thymic hyperplasia can be subdivided into two forms:
true thymic hyperplasia
lymphoid thymic hyperplasia
Both true thymic hyperplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia manifest as diffuse symmetric enlargement of...
Article
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of mostly mature but abnormal leukocytes.
Epidemiology
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is considered the most common type of leukemia in the Western hemisphere; its prevalence in Europe and North ...
Article
Black boundary artifact
Black boundary artifact, also known as India ink artifact or type 2 chemical shift artifact, is an artificially-created black line located at fat-water interfaces such as those between muscle and fat. This results in a sharp delineation of the muscle-fat boundary lending the image an appearance ...
Article
Pulmonary leukemic infiltration
Pulmonary leukemic infiltrations correspond to extravascular collections of leukemic cells in the lung parenchyma. On imaging, although having a broad and nonspecific pattern of presentation, is commonly seen as thickening of the bronchovascular bundles and interlobular septa.
Epidemiology
The...