Items tagged “small bowel”
20 results found
Article
Intestinal malrotation
Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anatomical anomaly that results from an abnormal rotation of the gut as it returns to the abdominal cavity during embryogenesis.
In incomplete rotation, the midgut does not rotate more than 180°, thus cephalad (prearterial or proximal) portion of the midgu...
Article
Comb sign (mesentery)
The comb sign refers to the hypervascular appearance of the mesentery in active Crohn disease. Fibrofatty proliferation and perivascular inflammatory infiltration outline the distended intestinal arcades. This forms linear densities on the mesenteric side of the affected segments of small bowel,...
Article
Crohn disease
Crohn disease, also known as regional enteritis, is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by widespread discontinuous gastrointestinal tract inflammation. The terminal ileum and proximal colon are most often affected. Extraintestinal disease is common.
Epidemiology
The diagnos...
Article
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), formerly known as meconium ileus equivalent, is one of the many abdominal manifestations of cystic fibrosis. In older children or young adults with cystic fibrosis, the distal small bowel may become obstructed with a mucofaeculent material in the di...
Article
Jejunal atresia
Jejunal atresia is a congenital anomaly characterized by obliteration of the lumen of the jejunum. The site of the atresia can be anywhere from the ligament of Treitz to the jejunoileal junction. There can be more than one atretic segment.
This article will focus on jejunal atresia alone, howev...
Article
Whirlpool sign (mesentery)
The whirlpool sign of the mesentery, also known as the whirl sign, is seen when the bowel rotates around its mesentery leading to whirls of the mesenteric vessels.
Terminology
The term whirlpool sign is used in other contexts: see whirlpool sign (disambiguation).
Radiographic features
It is...
Article
Scleroderma (gastrointestinal manifestations)
Gastrointestinal manifestations of scleroderma can occur in up to 90% of patients with scleroderma 2 with the most common site of gastrointestinal involvement being the esophagus. After skin changes and Raynaud phenomenon, gastrointestinal changes are the third most common manifestation of scler...
Article
Meckel diverticulum
Meckel diverticulum is a congenital intestinal diverticulum due to fibrous degeneration of the umbilical end of the omphalomesenteric (vitelline) duct that occurs around the distal ileum. It is considered the most common structural congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract.
Epidemiology
...
Article
Barium studies of the small bowel
Barium studies of the small intestine are still considered an effective modality to show the bowel loops in a cost-effective way.
Procedure
Small bowel follow through (SBFT) or transit study
routine investigation for delineation of all parts the small bowel
done with barium meal afte...
Article
MR enterography
MR enterography (MRE), also known as MRI small bowel study, is a non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of small bowel disorders.
Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. The specifics will vary depending on MRI hardware and software, radiologist's...
Article
Juvenile polyposis syndrome
Juvenile polyposis syndrome, also referred as familial juvenile polyposis, is one of the polyposis syndromes and consists of hundreds of juvenile polyps.
Epidemiology
Presentation in the second decade is most common 2.
Clinical presentation
Rectal bleeding, bowel obstruction and intussuscept...
Article
Terminal ileum
The terminal ileum (plural: ilea (rarely: ileums) is the most distal segment of small bowel. It immediately precedes the small bowel's connection with the colon through the ileocecal valve. It is of particular interest since a number of infectious and inflammatory processes preferentially involv...
Article
Peroral pneumocolon
Peroral pneumocolon is a technique that can be used during a small bowel follow through (SBFT) to better visualize the ascending colon and terminal ileum.
Procedure
The goal of a peroral pneumocolon is to create a double contrast study (oral contrast and gas) of the ascending colon and termina...
Article
Small bowel follow-through
Small bowel follow-through is a fluoroscopic technique designed to obtain high-resolution images of the small bowel. The motility of the small bowel can also be grossly evaluated.
Indications
The small bowel follow-through can be useful for the evaluation of:
strictures
obstruction
divertic...
Article
Enteroclysis
Enteroclysis is a gastrointestinal technique designed to provide improved evaluation of the small bowel. The conventional fluoroscopic technique is not widely used since it is somewhat invasive, time and labor intensive, and not particularly pleasant for the patient. The exam also requires a deg...
Article
Intestinal angioedema
Intestinal angioedema, also known as bowel angioedema, is edema into the submucosal space of the bowel wall following protein extravasation from "leaky" vessels. It can affect both the small and large bowel.
Clinical presentation
Patients often present with non-specific findings of abdominal p...
Article
Paraduodenal hernia
Paraduodenal hernias are internal hernias due to failure of the descending or ascending colonic mesentery to fuse with the posterior parietal peritoneum. Left paraduodenal hernia is more common and can cause closed-loop bowel obstruction and infarction.
Clinical presentation
The patient may ha...
Article
Jejunum vs ileum
There are a few differences that can help differentiate jejunum and ileum 1-3:
location
jejunum: upper left part of the peritoneal cavity
ileum: lower right part of the peritoneal cavity
gross appearance
jejunum: greater caliber (<3 cm), thicker walls and more vascular
ileum: lesser calib...
Article
Small bowel perforation
Small bowel (SB) perforation is an acute pathological condition resulting from a discontinuity of the small bowel wall secondary to different etiologies with subsequent leakage of intestinal gas and contents into the peritoneal cavity.
Clinical presentation
clinical diagnosis maybe difficult, ...
Article
Small bowel leiomyoma
Leiomyoma of the small bowel is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor. They occur most frequently in the jejunum 1.
Clinical presentation
May present with abdominal pain, hemorrhage and anemia secondary to ulceration and bleeding, though many are indolent 2.
Radiographic features
CT
well-circumscri...
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