Items tagged “snippet”

133 results found
Article

Prepatellar quadriceps continuation

The prepatellar quadriceps continuation is formed by the extension of the rectus femoris tendon connecting the patellar and quadriceps tendons. Gross anatomy The quadriceps tendon is a multilayer structure, where each of the four components of the muscle (vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vas...
Article

Marsupial cava

Marsupial cava, also known as preaortic iliac venous confluence, is a rare anatomical variant in which the confluence of the common iliac veins is located anterior to the right common iliac artery and aortic bifurcation. Terminology The term marsupial cava is in reference to the normal anatomy...
Article

WHO classification of prostate tumors

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of prostate tumors is a commonly used classification system for prostate tumors. The current version was published in 2016 as part of the  WHO Classification of Tumors of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs 1,2 and replaces the previous c...
Article

Uvula

The uvula is a small, conical, pendulous process projected inferiorly from the midline posterior margin of the soft palate. It is primarily formed from the insertions of the two muscles of the uvula and their covering mucosa. Summary location: posterior midline soft palate blood supply: from ...
Article

Mitral annulus

The mitral annulus (MA) or mitral annular ring refers to a membrane-like structure of the atrioventricular junction, that forms a hinge for the mitral leaflets and separates the left atrial and ventricular myocardial walls. Gross anatomy The mitral annulus is a ‘D-shaped’ structure resembling ...
Article

Ectopic ovary

Ectopic ovaries are a rare ovarian abnormality. Supernumerary ovaries contain normal ovarian tissue in an ectopic location with a ligamentous attachment 1. Epidemiology  A few of the etiological explanations of ectopic ovary include embryologic origin, post-inflammatory implantation of ovarian...
Article

F-18 DOPA

F-18 DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine) is a PET radiotracer primarily used in the evaluation of neuropsychiatric diseases, movement disorders, and brain malignancies 1.  Production L-DOPA is the nonproteinogenic amino acid precursor to dopamine with F-18 DOPA, in recent years,...
Article

Articular cartilage

Articular cartilage refers to the cartilaginous connective tissue covering the bony surfaces of diarthrodial joints. Gross anatomy Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage and is composed of a low density of chondrocytes surrounded by an abundant extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix ...
Article

Cartilage

Cartilage or cartilaginous tissue is a resilient and type of connective tissue of mesodermal origin that forms an integral part within the musculoskeletal system and as a structural component in other organs.   Cartilage can be generally classified into the following main types: hyaline car...
Article

Beak sign (gallbladder)

The beak sign of gallbladder volvulus describes tapering of the distended gallbladder lumen as it transitions to a fulcrum point at the pedicle, resembling a curved beak.  Terminology The term bird's beak sign is used in a number of other contexts: see bird beak sign (disambiguation). 
Article

CT ankle (protocol)

The CT ankle protocol serves as an examination for the bony assessment of the ankle and rearfoot and is almost always performed as a non-contrast study. It can be also combined with a CT arthrogram for the evaluation of chondral and osteochondral injuries or can encompass the whole foot in certa...
Article

CT hip (protocol)

The CT hip protocol serves as an examination for the evaluation of the hip joint. It is often performed as a non-contrast study. However, it can be combined with a CT arthrogram for the evaluation of chondral and/or labral tears or a femoral neck version scan. Note: This article aims to frame a...
Article

CT cervical spine (protocol)

The CT cervical spine or C-spine protocol serves as an examination for the assessment of the cervical spine. It is usually performed as a non-contrast study. In certain situations, it might be combined or simultaneously acquired with a CT angiography of the cerebral arteries or a CT of the neck....
Article

CT lumbar spine (protocol)

The CT lumbar spine or L-spine protocol serves as an examination for the assessment of the lumbar spine. As a separate examination, it is most often performed as a non-contrast study. It might be combined or simultaneously acquired with a CT abdomen. It also forms a part of a polytrauma CT or mi...
Article

CT thoracic spine (protocol)

The CT thoracic spine or T-spine protocol serves as an examination for the assessment of the thoracic spine. As a separate examination, it is often performed as a non-contrast study. It might be combined or simultaneously acquired with a CT chest or CT chest-abdomen-pelvis as part of a trauma or...
Article

CT neck (protocol)

The CT neck protocol serves as a radiological examination of the head and neck. This protocol is usually performed as a contrast study and might be acquired separately or combined with a CT chest or CT chest-abdomen-pelvis. On rare occasions, it will be performed as a non-contrast study. Dependi...
Article

Columnar cell change without atypia (breast)

Columnar cell change without atypia breast lesions are characterized by enlarged terminal ductal lobular units lined by columnar epithelial cells which substitute the normal cuboid epithelial layer.  They are also associated with prominent apical cytoplasmic snouts and intraluminal secretions. ...
Article

Columnar cell hyperplasia of the breast

Columnar cell hyperplasia is part of the spectrum of columnar cell lesions of the breast characterized by enlarged terminal ductal lobular units lined by stratified (more than two layers) columnar epithelium, cellular crowding or overlapping without atypia. It can also form tufts or mounds with...
Article

Flat epithelial atypia

Flat epithelial atypia is an entity that comprises any columnar cell lesion with low-grade cytologic atypia. Terminology Flat epithelial atypia was introduced in the 3rd edition of WHO Classification of Breast Tumors in 2003, to substitute terms such as clinging carcinoma monomorphous type, at...
Article

CT pelvis (protocol)

The CT pelvis protocol serves as an outline for the acquisition of a pelvic CT. As a separate examination, it might be performed as a non-contrast or contrast study or might be combined with a CT hip or rarely with a CT cystogram. A pelvic CT might be also conducted as a part of other scans such...

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