Items tagged “stub”
1,311 results found
Article
Fibrinous pericarditis
Fibrinous pericarditis is an inflammatory process involving the pericardium, leading to a rough and granular appearance with numerous fibrous adhesions 4.
Clinical presentation
Pericardial friction rub may be heard.
Pathology
Etiology
viral
acute idiopathic
tuberculosis
pyogenic
acute r...
Article
Fishhook ureters
Fishhook ureters, also known as J-shaped ureters or hockey stick ureters describe the appearance of the distal ureter in patients with significant benign prostatic hypertrophy. It has also been used to describe the appearance of a retrocaval ureter in type 1 or low loop variety. As the right ure...
Article
Garden classification of hip fractures
The Garden classification of subcapital femoral neck fractures is the most widely used. It is simple and predicts the development of osteonecrosis 1,2. Garden described particular femoral neck and acetabular trabeculae patterns which can assist in recognizing differences within this classificati...
Article
String sign (bowel)
The gastrointestinal string sign (also known as the string sign of Kantor) refers to the string-like appearance of a contrast-filled bowel loop caused by its severe narrowing.
Originally used to describe the reversible narrowing caused by spasms in Crohn disease, it is now used for any severe n...
Article
Hemangioendothelioma
A hemangioendothelioma is a tumor derived from blood vessels.
Pathology
Subtypes
Subtypes dependent on location include
hemangioendothelioma (MSK)
hemangioendothelioma of liver
See also
epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Article
Hyperostosis frontoparietalis
Hyperostosis frontoparietalis is a variant of the more common and more well known hyperostosis frontalis interna. As the name suggests, there is benign overgrowth exclusively of the inner table of the frontal bones and parietal bones. Characteristic features include sparing of the midline and ou...
Article
Incus
The incus (plural: incudes) is the middle of the three ossicles articulating with the head of the malleus anteromedially, forming the incudomalleolar joint, and the stapes inferomedially, forming the incudostapedial joint.
Gross anatomy
Four parts of the incus are named:
body
contiguous with...
Article
Kager triangle
Kager triangle is a sharply marginated radiolucent triangle seen posteriorly on lateral radiographs of the ankle. It represents the Kager fat pad, although often the latter term is used as a synonym for Kager triangle, even though they are not strictly the same.
It is bordered anteriorly by the...
Article
Glenoid labrum variants
There are a number of glenoid labral variants, whose importance is mainly due to the fact that the unwary may misinterpret them as pathology (e.g. Bankart lesion or labral tear). These include:
Buford complex
sublabral foramen
superior sublabral sulcus
pseudo-SLAP lesion
Article
Low endplate signal on T1
Several conditions may give vertebral endplate T1 low signal on MRI. They include:
ankylosing spondylitis
vertebral metastases
disc infection
haemodialysis
Article
Malignant vascular tumors
Malignant vascular tumors are rare, accounting for <1% of all sarcomas.
Pathology
intermediate grade
hemangioendothelioma
Kaposi sarcoma
high grade
hemangiopericytoma
angiosarcoma
Article
Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis, also known as Mönckeberg medial sclerosis (MMS) is an acquired disease characterized by calcific deposits within the medial layer of medium and small muscular arteries that do not cause luminal narrowing. Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis increases vessel...
Article
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are a collection of syndromes characterized by the presence of, as the name would suggest, multiple endocrine tumors. They are autosomal dominant in inheritance.
MEN1 (Wermer syndrome)
MEN2 (multiple endocrine adenomatosis)
MEN2a (Sipple syndrome)
...
Article
Myoepithelioma
Myoepitheliomas and malignant myoepitheliomas were considered a variant of pleomorphic adenomas until 1991. However, these are also found in the breast and bronchus and have gained recognition as separate entities 1.
Epidemiology
They account for <1% of salivary gland tumors, and only rarely u...
Article
Myokymia
Myokymia refers to an involuntary undulating movement of muscle 1.
The term is employed in a number of clinical contexts 1-3:
eyelid myokymia: pathogenesis is not well understood
extra-ocular muscle myokymia: pathogenesis is not well understood
inferior oblique myokymia (rare)
superior obli...
Article
Nephrocalcinosis
Nephrocalcinosis, previously known as Anderson-Carr kidney or Albright calcinosis, refers to the deposition of calcium salts in the parenchyma of the kidney. It is divided into several types, with differing etiologies, based on the distribution:
medullary nephrocalcinosis: 95%
cortical nephroc...
Article
Nerve to stapedius
The nerve to stapedius arises from the facial nerve to supply the stapedius muscle. The branch is given off in the facial nerve's mastoid segment, as it passes posterior to the pyramidal process.
Damage to this branch with resulting paralysis of stapedius leads to hypersensitivity to loud noise...
Article
Middle ear ossicles
There are three tiny articulating bones in the middle ear known as ossicles (from lateral to medial):
malleus
incus
stapes
Their role is to mechanically amplify the vibrations of the tympanic membrane and transmit them to the cochlea where they can be interpreted as sound. They are located i...
Article
Otomastoiditis
Otomastoiditis refers to inflammation of both the middle ear (otitis media) and mastoid (mastoiditis), can be divided into two distinct entities:
acute otomastoiditis: usually due to bacterial infection
chronic otomastoiditis: usually due to Eustachian tube dysfunction
Article
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarct
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarcts arise, as the name says, from occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery. It is a type of posterior circulation infarction.
Epidemiology
Posterior cerebral artery strokes are believed to comprise approximately 5-10% of ischemic strokes 6.
Clinical pres...
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