Items tagged “stub”
1,311 results found
Article
Pleural mouse
A pleural mouse (plural: pleural mice), also known as a fibrin body is a 1-2 cm mobile rounded clump of fibrin left over after resolution of a pleural effusion 1.
Article
Pneumatized dorsum sella
Pneumatization of the dorsum sella is not uncommon, but needs to be remembered as an unusual site of sinus disease, which otherwise may be mistaken for intracranial of pituitary disease.
Article
Pregnancy-related osteonecrosis
Pregnancy-related osteonecrosis, also known as pregnancy-related avascular necrosis, is a common cause of femoral head osteonecrosis. Since the femoral head is relatively deficient in blood supply, it is particularly vulnerable to osteonecrosis.
Pathology
The pathophysiology is thought to be d...
Article
Pulmonary artery stenosis types
Pulmonary artery stenosis refers to a narrowing of the pulmonary artery or pulmonary trunk and can be classified into several types 1,2:
type I: involving the main pulmonary artery (pulmonary trunk)
type II: involving bifurcation
type III: multiple peripheral stenoses
type IV: central and pe...
Article
Quadrigeminal cistern lipoma
Quadrigeminal cistern lipomas make up approximately 25% of intracranial lipomas and are located within the quadrigeminal cistern. They may be associated with hypoplasia of the inferior colliculus or agenesis of the corpus callosum.
For a general discussion please refer to the article on intracr...
Article
Residual cyst
Residual cysts are inflammatory odontogenic cysts that develop following dental extraction. It is most frequently due to growth from a remnant of a radicular/periapical cyst 1. They occur more often in the maxilla 2.
Article
Rotator cuff interval
The rotator cuff interval is a triangular space between the tendons of subscapularis and supraspinatus and the base of the coracoid process.
Gross anatomy
The combination of the coracohumeral ligament and superior glenohumeral ligament has a complex relationship with the long head of biceps te...
Article
Rotator cuff tear grading (MRI)
One method of grading rotator cuff tears on MRI is as follows:
grade 0: normal
grade I: increased T2 signal with normal morphology
grade II: increased T2 signal with abnormal morphology (thickening, or irregularity of the tendon)
grade III: defined tear (e.g. partial or full-thickness, compl...
Article
Scaphocephaly
Scaphocephaly (also known as dolichocephaly) is the most common form of craniosynostosis, where premature closure of the sagittal suture results in an impediment to the lateral growth of the skull while anteroposterior growth continues, producing a classic elongated, yet narrow, skull.
Epidemi...
Article
Sentinel loop
A sentinel loop is a short segment of adynamic ileus close to an intra-abdominal inflammatory process. It is usually identified on abdominal radiography 4 and CT 3.
The sentinel loop sign may aid in localizing the source of inflammation. For example, a sentinel loop in the upper abdomen may ind...
Article
Sigmoid plate
The sigmoid plate is variously described as the plate of bone between the jugular bulb and the middle ear cavity (as shown in first image) or more generally as the thin bone separating the sigmoid sinus from adjacent structures (especially mastoid air cells). In the case of the former, the struc...
Article
Sinotubular junction
The sinotubular junction (STJ) is the region of the ascending aorta between the aortic sinuses (of Valsalva) and where the normal tubular configuration of the aorta is attained. It marks the junction of the aortic root and ascending aorta.
Article
Situs classification
Situs classification (plural: sitūs) or body situs can be a daunting topic, but it falls into three main groups:
situs solitus: the normal configuration of thoracic and abdominal organs
situs inversus: mirror image of the normal configuration
situs ambiguus (heterotaxy): an intermediate confi...
Article
Small bowel
The small bowel (or small intestine) is the section of bowel between the stomach and the colon. It has distinctive mucosal folds, valvulae conniventes, and is made up of three functional units:
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
Terminology
Although anatomically it is stated that the duodenum forms the...
Article
Spinal epidural mass
The differential diagnosis for a spinal epidural mass includes:
epidural metastasis
epidural abscess
herniated nucleus pulposus
epidural hematoma
epidural arteriovenous malformation
epidural angiolipoma
epidural lipomatosis
extramedullary hematopoiesis
spinal schwannoma
spinal meningio...
Article
Stapedius muscle
The stapedius muscle is the tiny slender muscle in the middle ear that attaches to the stapes, which dampens excessive sound vibrations passed to the cochlea via the oval window.
Gross anatomy
The muscle is anchored within the petrous temporal bone. Its tendon emerges anteriorly from the holl...
Article
Stapes
The stapes (plural: stapedes) is the smallest and most medial of the three middle ear ossicles. It is the smallest bone in the standard human skeleton.
Gross anatomy
It has a base (foot piece/footplate) that articulates with the oval window and conducts vibrations to the cochlea. The base is a...
Article
Strawberry skull
Strawberry skull refers to the shape of the head on an antenatal ultrasound.
Epidemiology
Associations
In general, strawberry skull is considered one of the non-specific 'soft markers' for abnormal fetal development. It is considered more closely associated with trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome).
...
Article
String of pearls sign (disambiguation)
String of pearls sign can refer to:
string of pearls sign on an abdominal radiograph of fluid-filled dilated small bowel loops
string of pearls sign on brain MRI in deep border zone infarction
string of pearls sign on brain MRI in Susac syndrome
string of pearls sign on ultrasound in polycys...
Article
Subcoracoid impingement
Subcoracoid impingement is an unusual form of shoulder impingement and results from narrowing of the coracohumeral interval (space between the tip of the coracoid and the humerus).
Clinical presentation
Patients present with anterior shoulder pain when the arm is held at the side (adducted, in...
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