Items tagged “ureter”
30 results found
Article
Congenital megaureter
A congenital (primary) megaureter encompasses causes of an enlarged ureter which are intrinsic to the ureter, rather than as a result of a more distal abnormality; e.g. bladder, urethra (see secondary megaureter). It includes:
obstructed primary megaureter
refluxing primary megaureter
althoug...
Article
Ureterocele
Ureteroceles represent abnormal congenital dilatation of the distal-most portion of the ureter. The dilated portion of the ureter may herniate into the bladder secondary to the abnormal structure of vesicoureteric junction (VUJ).
Epidemiology
A ureterocele occurs in about 1 in 5000 to 1 in 120...
Article
Vesicoureteric reflux (grading)
Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) grading divides vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) according to the height of reflux up the ureters and degree of dilatation of the ureters:
grade 1: reflux limited to the ureter
grade 2: reflux up to the renal pelvis
grade 3: mild dilatation of ureter and pe...
Article
Duplex collecting system
A duplex collecting system, or duplicated collecting system, is one of the most common congenital renal tract abnormalities. It is characterized by an incomplete fusion of upper and lower pole moieties resulting in a variety of complete or incomplete duplications of the collecting system. While ...
Article
Ureteritis cystica
Ureteritis cystica or pyeloureteritis cystica is a benign condition of the ureters representing multiple small submucosal cysts.
Epidemiology
Typically, this condition is seen in diabetics with recurrent urinary tract infections. As such, it is most frequently seen in older patients and is mo...
Article
Multiple filling defects of the ureter (differential)
Multiple filling defects within a ureter, as seen on conventional IVU or CT IVU, have a relatively small differential including:
spreading or multifocal transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
vascular indentations
multiple ureteral stones (steinstrasse)
blood clots
ureteritis cystica
Stevens-Jo...
Article
Pelviureteric junction obstruction
Pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction/stenosis, also known as ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction/stenosis, can be one of the causes of obstructive uropathy. It can be congenital or acquired with a congenital pelviureteric junction obstruction being one of the commonest causes of antenat...
Article
Transitional cell carcinoma (urinary tract)
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), also called urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC), is the most common primary malignancy of the urinary tract and may be found along its entire length, from the renal pelvis to the bladder.
As imaging findings and treatment vary according to where along the urinary...
Article
Goblet sign (ureter)
The goblet sign, also known as the champagne glass sign, refers to the appearance of the ureter when it is focally dilated by an intraluminal mass. It is best seen when the ureter is opacified by retrograde contrast (retrograde ureterogram). Presence of this sign indicates the pathology to be ch...
Article
Cobra head sign (ureter)
The cobra head sign, also known as the spring onion sign, refers to dilatation of the distal ureter, surrounded by a thin lucent line seen in patients with an adult-type ureterocele. The cobra head appearance indicates an uncomplicated ureterocele.
During an excretory phase of an intravenous ur...
Article
Vesicoureteric reflux
Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is the term for the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract and is typically encountered in young children.
For grading of vesicoureteric reflux, please refer to vesicoureteric reflux grading.
Epidemiology
The incidence of urinary tract...
Article
Malakoplakia
Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the body but most frequently involves the mucosal surface of the urinary bladder, causing one or more soft yellowish plaques.
Epidemiology
Risk factors include chronic disease and immunosuppression, s...
Article
Drooping lily sign (ureter)
The drooping lily sign is a urographic sign in some patients with a duplicated collecting system. It refers to the inferolateral displacement of the opacified lower pole moiety due to an obstructed (and unopacified) upper pole moiety.
The similarity to a lily is further strengthened by the smal...
Article
Circumcaval ureter
Circumcaval ureter, also known as retrocaval ureter, is a term used to describe an abnormal course of a ureter that encircles the inferior vena cava. Both of these terms are somewhat misleading, as this configuration is considered a developmental anomaly of the inferior vena cava (IVC). There ar...
Article
Pyonephrosis
Pyonephrosis is a term given to an infection of the kidney with pus in the upper collecting system which can progress to obstruction.
Pyonephrosis may be suspected when the clinical symptoms of fever and flank pain are combined with the radiologic evidence of urinary tract obstruction 1. Debris...
Article
Pseudoureterocoele
Pseudoureterocoeles are acquired dilatations of the submucosal portion of the distal ureter that mimic simple ureteroceles. The appearance of the radiolucent wall surrounding the dilated distal ureteral segment (cobra head sign) is an important differentiating point.
The distinction is importa...
Article
Ureter
The ureter is a paired fibromuscular tube that conveys urine from the kidneys in the abdomen to the bladder in the pelvis.
Gross anatomy
The ureter is 25-30 cm long and has three parts:
abdominal ureter: from the renal pelvis to the pelvic brim
pelvic ureter: from the pelvic brim to the bla...
Article
Ectopic ureter
An ectopic ureter is a congenital renal anomaly that occurs as a result of abnormal caudal migration of the ureteral bud during its insertion to the urinary bladder. Normally the ureter drains via the internal ureteral orifice at the trigone of the urinary bladder.
In females, the most common ...
Article
Ureteritis
Ureteritis refers to inflammation of the ureter, it is rare and is often associated with cystitis or pyelonephritis 1.
Clinical presentation
Patients may present with symptoms of cystitis or pyelonephritis with suprapubic/flank pain, dysuria, hematuria and/or fever. White cell count may also ...
Article
Bifid ureter
A bifid ureter, or ureter fissus, is an example of incomplete duplication of a duplex collecting system and is an anatomical variant.
Terminology
Multiple seemingly unrelated terms for blind-ending bifid ureters are currently in use and there is no consensus on terminology in the literature. T...