Name the morphologic subtypes of pulmonary emphysema?
Centrilobular emphysema (most common, smoking), panlobular emphysema (predominant pattern in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency), paraseptal emphysema, and paracicatricial emphysema.
Both lungs are markedly hyperinflated with 11 posterior ribs easily visible above the hemidiaphragmatic domes (yellow dotted lines). The hemidiaphragms are depressed and flattened (best seen on lateral projection, with loss of the normal acute angle formed by the costophrenic pleural reflection (dotted blue line).
The lungs are very radiolucent with some areas devoid of lung markings (*) suggesting bullous formation.
On lateral projection the retrosternal air space (RS) is markedly widened (aorta outlined in red).