Abdominal hernia
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Abdominal herniations may be congenital or acquired and come with varying eponyms. They are distinguished primarily based on location and content. 75-80% of all hernias occur in the inguinal region.
Content of the hernia is variable, and may include:
- small bowel loops
- mobile colon segments (sigmoid, caecum, appendix)
- mesenteric fat
- other viscera
Complications predominantly relate to bowel incarceration, strangulation and intestinal obstruction. Diaphragmatic hernias in infancy also may have pulmonary hypoplasia as a complication, if the hernia is large enough.
Classification
- external herniation
:- ventral: anterior and lateral abdominal hernias
- dorsal
- groin: most common
- diaphragmatic herniations
- internal herniations
Subclassification
-
anterior abdominal wall herniation
:- Spigelian hernia
- parastomal hernia
- umbilical hernia
- paraumbilical hernia
- incisional hernia
- epigastric hernia
- Richter hernia: a hernia containing only one wall of a bowel loop and therefore causing no obstruction
- Maydl hernia
- lumbar herniation: superior and inferior
-
groin herniation:
- direct inguinal hernia
- indirect inguinal hernia: indirect five times commoner than direct
- pantaloon hernia
- femoral hernia
- obturator hernia
-
diaphragmatic herniation
: -
internal herniation: an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction
- the left paraduodenal fossa (fossa of Landzert): most common
- the right paraduodenal fossa (fossa of Waldyer)
- the foramen of Winslow (lesser sac)
- a hole in the mesentery (transmesenteric)
- a hole in the transverse mesocolon
- a defect in the broad ligament
- the superior ileocaecal fossa
- the inferior ileocaecal fossa
- the retrocaecal fossa
- Littre hernia: a hernia containing a Meckel diverticulum
- pelvic hernia
:
-<li>external herniation:<ul>- +<li>external herniation<ul>
-<a href="/articles/anterior-abdominal-wall-hernia">anterior abdominal wall herniation</a>:<ul>- +<a href="/articles/anterior-abdominal-wall-hernia">anterior abdominal wall herniation</a><ul>
-<a href="/articles/diaphragmatic-hernia">diaphragmatic herniation</a>:<ul>- +<a href="/articles/diaphragmatic-hernia">diaphragmatic herniation</a><ul>
-<li>pelvic hernia:<ul>- +<li>pelvic hernia<ul>
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