Air bronchogram
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Air bronchogram refers to the phenomenon of air of air-filled bronchi (dark) being made visible by the opacification of surrounding alveoli (grey/white). It is almost always caused by a pathologic airspace/alveolar process, in which something other than air fills the alveoli. Air bronchograms will not be visible if the bronchi themselves are opacified(e.g. by fluid) and thus indicate patent proximal airways.
Air bronchograms can be seen with several processes:
- pulmonary consolidation
- pulmonary oedema: especially with alveolar oedema 3
- non-obstructive atelectasis
- severe interstitial lung disease
- neoplasms: bronchioloalveolar carcinoma; pulmonary lymphoma
- pulmonary infarct
- pulmonary haemorrhage
- normal expiration
Air bronchograms that persist for weeks despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy should raise the suspicion of a neoplastic process. CT may be planned in such cases.
See also
-<p><strong>Air bronchogram</strong> refers to the phenomenon of air-filled bronchi (dark) being made visible by the opacification of surrounding alveoli (grey/white). It is almost always caused by a pathologic airspace/alveolar process, in which something other than air fills the alveoli. Air bronchograms will not be visible if the bronchi themselves are opacified (e.g. by fluid) and thus indicate patent proximal airways.</p><p>Air bronchograms can be seen with several processes:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Air bronchogram</strong> refers to the phenomenon of air-filled bronchi (dark) being made visible by the opacification of surrounding alveoli (grey/white). It is almost always caused by a pathologic airspace/alveolar process, in which something other than air fills the alveoli. Air bronchograms will not be visible if the bronchi themselves are opacified (e.g. by fluid) and thus indicate patent proximal airways.</p><p>Air bronchograms can be seen with several processes:</p><ul>
-<li><a href="/articles/pulmonary-oedema">pulmonary oedema </a></li>- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/pulmonary-oedema">pulmonary oedema</a>: especially with <a title="alveolar oedema" href="/articles/alveolar-oedema">alveolar oedema </a><sup>3</sup>
- +</li>
-<li><a title="Pulmonary haemorrhage" href="/articles/pulmonary-haemorrhage">pulmonary haemorrhage</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/pulmonary-haemorrhage">pulmonary haemorrhage</a></li>
References changed:
- 3. Khan AN, Al-Jahdali H, Al-Ghanem S et-al. Reading chest radiographs in the critically ill (Part II): Radiography of lung pathologies common in the ICU patient. Ann Thorac Med. 2009;4 (3): 149-57. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1817-1737.53349">doi:10.4103/1817-1737.53349</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2714572">Free text at pubmed</a> - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641649">Pubmed citation</a><span class="auto"></span>
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Image 5 X-ray (Frontal) ( update )
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Case 5: contusion
Image 6 CT (lung window) ( create )
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