Calyceal diverticulum
Updates to Article Attributes
Calyceal Diverticulumdiverticulum,alsoor known asPyelocalyceal pyelocalyceal diverticulum is almosta congenital abnormality that results in urine-filled filled out pouching, lined with transitional epithelium from the renal calyx or pelvis into the renal cortex. A little percentage of cases may be acquired. It is lined with transitional epithelium.
Types:
Type 1:the more common, communicates with a minor calyx.
Type 2 : communicates with a major calyx or the renal pelvis.
Epidemiology:
A relativelyRelatively uncommon, seen in 0.21% to 0.6.60% of intravenous urogramsurogram (IVU),but .
Risk factors include:
- gender: females are more commonly affect than men by a ratio of 2:1
Associations include:
- high incidence of stone formation due to urine stagnation
. women more commonly affected than men (2:1). they are found in
Clinical presentation
The majority of the upper pole calyces ~50% , in the middle ~ 30%time this congenital pathology is asymptomatic and lower poles ~20%discovered when patients present for other complications such as hematuria, calculi, or repeated infections all being related to urine stasis.
Pathology:
The most common theory is congenital origin of diverticulum results from failure of regression of the third- and fourth-generation ureteric buds., resulting fromas a result of obstructing stones or infection.
ComplicationsThere are due to urine stasis:
Calculi.milktwo categories ofcalciumcalyceal diverticulum the first and more common type communicates with a minor calyx and the second, communicates with a major calyx or the renal pelvis.repeated infections.
Radiographic features
Plain radiograph
Plain abdominal radiographs : +/-radiographers will often show a half moon orof meniscus-shaped shaped calcification of radio-opaque milk of calcium.
Ultrasound
at ultrasound , MRI, and non-enhancedA calyceal diverticulum complicated by calculi or nephrographiclayered dependent milk of calcium appears echogenic on ultrasound
CT
Nephrographic phase contrast-enhanced CT: the Appearance is similar will have an appearance similar to that of a simple cyst.The. The diagnosis is made with certainty in the excretory phase of imaging, the cystic structure fills with contrast material due to communication with pelvi-calyces, and layering of contrast material is seen within.
A calyceal diverticulum complicated by calculi or layered dependent milk of calcium appears echogenic on ultrasound and highwill be a high-attenuating material on unenhanced CTwith fluid milk level.
Differential diagnosis:
the followingGeneral imaging differential diagnosis have no communication with collecting system considerations include:
-<p><strong>Calyceal Diverticulum</strong><strong> </strong>or <strong>Pyelocalyceal diverticulum</strong> is almost congenital urine-filled out pouching from renal calyx or pelvis into the renal cortex. A little percentage of cases may be acquired. It is lined with transitional epithelium.</p><p><strong>Types: </strong></p><p>Type 1:the more common, communicates with a minor calyx.</p><p>Type 2 : communicates with a major calyx or the renal pelvis.</p><h4>Epidemiology:</h4><p>A relatively uncommon , seen in 0.21% to 0.6% of intravenous urograms (IVU),but high incidence of stone formation due to urine stagnation. women more commonly affected than men (2:1). they are found in the upper pole calyces ~50% , in the middle ~ 30% and lower poles ~20%.</p><h4>Pathology:</h4><p>The most common theory is congenital origin of diverticulum results from failure of regression of the third- and fourth-generation ureteric buds., resulting from obstructing stones or infection.</p><p>Complications are due to urine stasis:</p><ol>-<li>Calculi.</li>-<li><p>milk of calcium.</p></li>-<li><p>repeated infections.</p></li>-</ol><h4>Radiographic features :</h4><p><strong>Plain abdominal radiographs</strong> : +/- a half moon or meniscus-shaped calcification of radio-opaque milk of calcium.</p><p><strong>at ultrasound , MRI, and non-enhanced or nephrographic phase contrast-enhanced CT</strong>: the Appearance is similar to that of a simple cyst.The diagnosis is made with certainty in the excretory phase of imaging, the cystic structure fills with contrast material due to communication with pelvi-calyces, and layering of contrast material is seen within.</p><p>A calyceal diverticulum complicated by calculi or layered dependent milk of calcium appears echogenic on ultrasound and high-attenuating material on unenhanced CT with fluid milk level.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis:</h4><p>the following differential diagnosis have no communication with collecting system :</p><p><a href="/articles/renal-milk-of-calcium-cysts">Renal milk of calcium cysts</a></p><p> <a href="/articles/simple-renal-cyst">simple renal cyst</a></p><p> </p>- +<p><strong>Calyceal diverticulum,</strong><strong> </strong>also<strong> </strong>known as<strong> p</strong><strong>yelocalyceal diverticulum</strong> is a congenital abnormality that results in urine filled out pouching, lined with transitional epithelium from the renal calyx or pelvis into the renal cortex. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Relatively uncommon, seen in 0.21% to 0.60% of intravenous urogram (IVU).</p><p>Risk factors include:</p><ul><li>gender: females are more commonly affect than men by a ratio of 2:1 </li></ul><p>Associations include:</p><ul><li>high incidence of stone formation due to urine stagnation</li></ul><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>The majority of the time this congenital pathology is asymptomatic and discovered when patients present for other complications such as hematuria, calculi, or repeated infections all being related to urine stasis.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The most common theory is congenital origin of diverticulum results from failure of regression of the third and fourth-generation ureteric buds, as a result of obstructing stones or infection.</p><p>There are two categories of calyceal diverticulum the first and more common type communicates with a minor calyx and the second, communicates with a major calyx or the renal pelvis<strong>.</strong></p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>Plain radiograph</h5><p>Plain abdominal radiographers will often show a half moon of meniscus shaped calcification of radio-opaque milk of calcium.</p><h5>Ultrasound</h5><p>A calyceal diverticulum complicated by calculi or layered dependent milk of calcium appears echogenic on ultrasound</p><h5>CT</h5><p>Nephrographic phase contrast-enhanced CT will have an appearance similar to that of a simple cyst. The diagnosis is made with certainty in the excretory phase of imaging, the cystic structure fills with contrast material due to communication with pelvi-calyces, and layering of contrast material is seen within.</p><p>A calyceal diverticulum complicated by calculi or layered dependent milk of calcium will be a high-attenuating material on unenhanced CT with fluid milk level.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>General imaging differential considerations include:</p><ul>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/renal-milk-of-calcium-cysts">r</a><a href="/articles/renal-milk-of-calcium-cysts">enal milk of calcium cysts </a>
- +</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/simple-renal-cyst">simple renal cyst</a></li>
- +</ul><p> </p>
References changed:
- 2. Stunell H, McNeill G, Browne RF, Grainger R, Torreggiani WC. The imaging appearances of calyceal diverticula complicated by uroliathasis. The British journal of radiology. 83 (994): 888-94. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/22591022">doi:10.1259/bjr/22591022</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846986">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 1. Wood CG, Stromberg LJ, Harmath CB, Horowitz JM, Feng C, Hammond NA, Casalino DD, Goodhartz LA, Miller FH, Nikolaidis P. CT and MR imaging for evaluation of cystic renal lesions and diseases. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 35 (1): 125-41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.351130016">doi:10.1148/rg.351130016</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590393">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 3. Waingankar N, Hayek S, Smith AD, Okeke Z. Calyceal diverticula: a comprehensive review. Reviews in urology. 16 (1): 29-43. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24791153">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- Wood CG, Stromberg LJ, Harmath CB, Horowitz JM, Feng C, Hammond NA, Casalino DD, Goodhartz LA, Miller FH, Nikolaidis P. CT and MR imaging for evaluation of cystic renal lesions and diseases. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 35 (1): 125-41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.351130016">doi:10.1148/rg.351130016</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590393">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- Stunell H, McNeill G, Browne RF, Grainger R, Torreggiani WC. The imaging appearances of calyceal diverticula complicated by uroliathasis. The British journal of radiology. 83 (994): 888-94. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/22591022">doi:10.1259/bjr/22591022</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846986">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
- Waingankar N, Hayek S, Smith AD, Okeke Z. Calyceal diverticula: a comprehensive review. Reviews in urology. 16 (1): 29-43. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24791153">Pubmed</a> <span class="ref_v4"></span>
Image 2 X-ray (Frontal) ( create )
Image 3 CT (renal cortical phase) ( create )
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