Centrilobular pulmonary emphysema
Updates to Article Attributes
Centrilobular pulmonary emphysema is the most common morphological subtype ofpulmonary emphysema.
Epidemiology
It may be found in up to one-half of adult smokers at autopsy1.
Pathology
The pathological process of centrilobular emphysema typically begins near the centre of thesecondary pulmonary lobule in the region of the the proximalrespiratory bronchiole. Selective lung destruction results in the characteristic characteristic apposition of normal and emphysematous lung lung. The resulting area of of destruction surrounded by normal tissue allows appreciation of key structural structural lesion evident to to the naked eye ”emphysematous space space".
Risk factors
- cigarette smoking
Distribution
- there is usually an upper lobe predilection
Radiographic features
HRCT - CT chest
Early changes
Early centrilobular emphysema is usually seen as small round black (low attenuating) evenly distributed holes with ill defined borders that may appear in the central portion of the secondary pulmonary nodule around the centrilobular artery.
Late changes
As emphysematous process progresses, the low-attenuation areas become confluent and inseparable.
With enlargement of the dilated airspace, the surrounding lung parenchyma is compressed, which enables observation of a clear border between the emphysematous area and the normal lung. Since the disease progresses from the centrilobular portion, normal lung parenchyma in the perilobular portion tends to be preserved2.
The pulmonary vessels in areas of severe emphysema are small, with shunting of blood flow to lung parenchyma that can better exchange air to maintain matched ventilation and perfusion.
-<p><strong>Centrilobular pulmonary emphysema</strong> is the most common morphological subtype of <a href="/articles/pulmonary-emphysema">pulmonary emphysema</a>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>It may be found in up to one-half of adult smokers at autopsy <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The pathological process of centrilobular emphysema typically begins near the centre of the <a href="/articles/secondary-pulmonary-lobule">secondary pulmonary lobule</a> in the region of the proximal <a href="/articles/respiratory-bronchiole">respiratory bronchiole</a>. Selective lung destruction results in the characteristic apposition of normal and emphysematous lung. The resulting area of destruction surrounded by normal tissue allows appreciation of key structural lesion evident to the naked eye ”<a href="/articles/emphysematous-space">emphysematous space</a>".</p><h5>Risk factors</h5><ul><li>cigarette smoking</li></ul><h5>Distribution</h5><ul><li>there is usually an upper lobe predilection</li></ul><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>HRCT - CT chest</h5><h6>Early changes</h6><p>Early centrilobular emphysema is usually seen as small round black (low attenuating) evenly distributed holes with ill defined borders that may appear in the central portion of the secondary pulmonary nodule around the centrilobular artery. </p><h6>Late changes</h6><p>As emphysematous process progresses, the low-attenuation areas become confluent and inseparable. </p><p>With enlargement of the dilated airspace, the surrounding lung parenchyma is compressed, which enables observation of a clear border between the emphysematous area and the normal lung. Since the disease progresses from the centrilobular portion, normal lung parenchyma in the perilobular portion tends to be preserved <sup>2</sup>.</p><p>The pulmonary vessels in areas of severe emphysema are small, with shunting of blood flow to lung parenchyma that can better exchange air to maintain matched ventilation and perfusion.</p>- +<p><strong>Centrilobular pulmonary emphysema</strong> is the most common morphological subtype of <a href="/articles/pulmonary-emphysema">pulmonary emphysema</a>.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>It may be found in up to one-half of adult smokers at autopsy <sup>1</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The pathological process of centrilobular emphysema typically begins near the centre of the <a href="/articles/secondary-pulmonary-lobule">secondary pulmonary lobule</a> in the region of the proximal <a href="/articles/respiratory-bronchiole">respiratory bronchiole</a>. Selective lung destruction results in the characteristic apposition of normal and emphysematous lung. The resulting area of destruction surrounded by normal tissue allows appreciation of key structural lesion evident to the naked eye ”<a href="/articles/emphysematous-space">emphysematous space</a>".</p><h5>Risk factors</h5><ul><li>cigarette smoking</li></ul><h5>Distribution</h5><ul><li>there is usually an upper lobe predilection</li></ul><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>HRCT - CT chest</h5><h6>Early changes</h6><p>Early centrilobular emphysema is usually seen as small round black (low attenuating) evenly distributed holes with ill defined borders that may appear in the central portion of the secondary pulmonary nodule around the centrilobular artery. </p><h6>Late changes</h6><p>As emphysematous process progresses, the low-attenuation areas become confluent and inseparable. </p><p>With enlargement of the dilated airspace, the surrounding lung parenchyma is compressed, which enables observation of a clear border between the emphysematous area and the normal lung. Since the disease progresses from the centrilobular portion, normal lung parenchyma in the perilobular portion tends to be preserved <sup>2</sup>.</p><p>The pulmonary vessels in areas of severe emphysema are small, with shunting of blood flow to lung parenchyma that can better exchange air to maintain matched ventilation and perfusion.</p>
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