Fetal tachyarrhythmia
Updates to Article Attributes
Fetal tachyarrhythmia refers to an irregular increase in fetal heart rate.
Epidemiology
Depending on its exact definition, the prevalanceprevalence rate is thought to be around 0.5-1% of pregnancies.
Associations
associated congenital cardiac anomalies can occur but are relatively rare ( ~7% 7)
Clinical presentation
Many cases tend to be discovered in the 3rd trimester.
Pathology
Sub typesSubtypes
Fetal tachyarrhythmias can be of many types and includes:
fetal sinus tachycardia: some authors classify this under fetal
tachyarrythmiastachyarrhythmias although it probablyshouldn'tshould not as the rhythm is regular-
fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
most common fetal tachyarrhythmia: accounts for 60-90% of cases
has a typical ventricular rate of ~230-280 beats per minute (bpm) 4
often associated with an accessory AV conduction pathway
-
second most common fetal tachyarrhythmia 7: can account for up to 25% of cases
has a typical atrial rate of 300-600 bpm
often has a variable ventricular rate due to the frequent presence of an AV conduction block
-
the ventricular rate can be faster than the atrial rate
Associations
-
associatedcongenital cardiac anomaliescan occur but are relatively rare ( ~7%7)
Radiographic assessment
Antenatal ultrasound
Evaluation of a tachyarrythmiatachyarrhythmia requires M mode Dopplers which allows correct recognition of the rhythm pattern. Ideally both and ventricle should be included in the scanning field. Assessment for the presence of congenital cardiac anomalies and for complications such has hydrops fetalis are recommonededrecommended as part of routine sonographic assessment.
Secondary effects of fetal circulation can be additionally assessed by:
Complications
development of hydrops fetalis
Treatment and prognosis
Prognosis is somewhat dependent on the presence of hydrops. As a group, most fetuses (particualrly(particularly non hydropic fetuses) do generally well 6. A range of anti-arrhythmicantiarrhythmic agents may be used depending on the exact situation ref.
See also
-<p><strong>Fetal tachyarrhythmia</strong> refers to an irregular increase in <a href="/articles/fetal-heart-rate">fetal heart rate</a>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Depending on its exact definition, the prevalance rate is thought to be around 0.5-1% of pregnancies. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Many cases tend to be discovered in the 3<sup>rd </sup>trimester. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Sub types</h5><p>Fetal tachyarrhythmias can be of many types and includes:</p><ul>- +<p><strong>Fetal tachyarrhythmia</strong> refers to an irregular increase in <a href="/articles/fetal-heart-rate-in-the-first-and-second-trimester">fetal heart rate</a>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Depending on its exact definition, the prevalence rate is thought to be around 0.5-1% of pregnancies. </p><h5>Associations</h5><ul><li><p>associated <a href="/articles/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies">congenital cardiac anomalies </a>can occur but are relatively rare ( ~7% <sup>7</sup>)</p></li></ul><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Many cases tend to be discovered in the 3<sup>rd </sup>trimester. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Subtypes</h5><p>Fetal tachyarrhythmias can be of many types and includes:</p><ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/fetal-tachycardia">fetal sinus tachycardia</a>: some authors classify this under fetal tachyarrhythmias although it probably should not as the rhythm is regular</p></li>
-<a href="/articles/fetal-tachycardia">fetal sinus tachycardia</a>: some authors classify this under fetal tachyarrythmias although it probably shouldn't as the rhythm is regular</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/fetal-supraventricular-tachycardia-svt">fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)</a><ul>-<li>most common fetal tachyarrhythmia: accounts for 60-90% of cases</li>-<li>has a typical ventricular rate of ~230-280 beats per minute (bpm) <sup>4</sup>-</li>-<li>often associated with an accessory AV conduction pathway</li>- +<p><a href="/articles/fetal-supraventricular-tachycardia-svt">fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)</a></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>most common fetal tachyarrhythmia: accounts for 60-90% of cases</p></li>
- +<li><p>has a typical ventricular rate of ~230-280 beats per minute (bpm) <sup>4</sup></p></li>
- +<li><p>often associated with an accessory AV conduction pathway</p></li>
-<a href="/articles/fetal-atrial-flutter">fetal atrial flutter</a><ul>-<li>second most common fetal tachyarrhythmia <sup>7</sup>: can account for up to 25% of cases </li>-<li>has a typical atrial rate of 300-600 bpm</li>-<li>often has a variable ventricular rate due to the frequent presence of an AV conduction block</li>- +<p><a href="/articles/fetal-atrial-flutter">fetal atrial flutter</a></p>
- +<ul>
- +<li><p>second most common fetal tachyarrhythmia <sup>7</sup>: can account for up to 25% of cases </p></li>
- +<li><p>has a typical atrial rate of 300-600 bpm</p></li>
- +<li><p>often has a variable ventricular rate due to the frequent presence of an AV conduction block</p></li>
-<li><a href="/articles/fetal-atrial-fibrillation">fetal atrial fibrillation</a></li>- +<li><p><a href="/articles/fetal-atrial-fibrillation">fetal atrial fibrillation</a></p></li>
-<a href="/articles/fetal-ventricular-tachycardia">fetal ventricular tachycardia </a><ul><li>the ventricular rate can be faster than the atrial rate</li></ul>- +<p><a href="/articles/fetal-ventricular-tachycardia">fetal ventricular tachycardia</a></p>
- +<ul><li><p>the ventricular rate can be faster than the atrial rate</p></li></ul>
-</ul><h5>Associations</h5><ul><li>associated <a href="/articles/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies">congenital cardiac anomalies </a>can occur but are relatively rare ( ~7% <sup>7</sup>)</li></ul><h4>Radiographic assessment</h4><h5>Antenatal ultrasound</h5><p>Evaluation of a tachyarrythmia requires M mode Dopplers which allows correct recognition of the rhythm pattern. Ideally both and ventricle should be included in the scanning field. Assessment for the presence of <a href="/articles/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies">congenital cardiac anomalies </a>and for complications such has <a href="/articles/hydrops-fetalis">hydrops fetalis </a>are recommoneded as part of routine sonographic assessment. </p><p>Secondary effects of fetal circulation can be additionally assessed by:</p><ul>-<li><a href="/articles/fetal-ductus-venosus-flow-assessment">ductus venosus flow assessment</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/umbilical-venous-flow-assessment">umbilical vein flow assessment</a></li>-</ul><h4>Complications</h4><ul><li>development of <a href="/articles/hydrops-fetalis">hydrops fetalis</a>-</li></ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Prognosis is somewhat dependent on the presence of hydrops. As a group, most fetuses (particualrly non hydropic fetuses) do generally well <sup>6</sup>. A range of anti-arrhythmic agents may be used depending on the exact situation <sup>ref</sup>. </p><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><a href="/articles/fetal-tachycardia">fetal tachycardia</a></li></ul>- +</ul><h4>Radiographic assessment</h4><h5>Antenatal ultrasound</h5><p>Evaluation of a tachyarrhythmia requires M mode Dopplers which allows correct recognition of the rhythm pattern. Ideally both and ventricle should be included in the scanning field. Assessment for the presence of <a href="/articles/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies">congenital cardiac anomalies </a>and for complications such has <a href="/articles/hydrops-fetalis">hydrops fetalis </a>are recommended as part of routine sonographic assessment. </p><p>Secondary effects of fetal circulation can be additionally assessed by:</p><ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/fetal-ductus-venosus-flow-assessment">ductus venosus flow assessment</a></p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/umbilical-venous-flow-assessment">umbilical vein flow assessment</a></p></li>
- +</ul><h4>Complications</h4><ul><li><p>development of <a href="/articles/hydrops-fetalis">hydrops fetalis</a></p></li></ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Prognosis is somewhat dependent on the presence of hydrops. As a group, most fetuses (particularly non hydropic fetuses) do generally well <sup>6</sup>. A range of antiarrhythmic agents may be used depending on the exact situation <sup>ref</sup>. </p><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><p><a href="/articles/fetal-tachycardia">fetal tachycardia</a></p></li></ul>
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