Fluoroscopy
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Fluoroscopy is an imaging proceduremodality that allows real-time x-ray viewing of thea patient with high temporal resolution. It is based on an x-ray image intensifier (II) coupled coupled to a photographic and/or videostill/video camera. In recent years flat panel detectors, (which are similar to the digital radiography used in projection radiologyradiography) arehave been replacing the II componentimage intensifiers.
Fluoroscopy
UsesFluoroscopic apparatus uses low current (0.5-5 mA), for continuous or near-continuous x-ray exposures. Resultant images have relatively low signal to noise ratio (SNR) but are of sufficient quality for patient positioning and certain diagnostic/therapeutic procedures.
Overview of a fluoroscopy system
- x-ray generator
- x-ray tube, including filters and collimation
-
Patientpatient table (which may be horizontal or erect) - image intensifier: converts x-rays emerging from the patient into an optical image
- optical distributor: used to couple the output image from the
IIimage intensifier to receiving devices: video cameraspot-film cameraL recording static images onto film, which may incorporate a film changer (radiography and fluoroscopy (R&F) system)cine camera: to record a sequence of images onto a roll of film- video camera: converts the image into an electronic signal, which can be fed into the image display/record device
- spot-film camera recording static images onto film, which may incorporate a film changer (radiography and fluoroscopy (R&F) system)
- cine camera: to record a sequence of images onto a roll of film/digital medium
- image displaying/recording device
- video monitor: for immediate display of image (videofluoroscopy)
- videotape recorder: for storage and subsequent replay
- computer: for digital image processing, analysis and storage
(digital(digital fluorography), e.g.DSAdigital subtraction angiography (DSA)
Design of the x-ray tube and IIimage intensifier assembly
There are various set-upssetups of fluoroscopy machines:
- ceiling-suspended
IIimage intensifier and under-table tube (most common) - ceiling-suspended tube and under-table
IIimage intensifier -
cC-arm assembly: either ceiling-suspended or floor-mounted (for DSA and interventional procedures) - mobile C-arm system (for operating theater)
See also
-<p><strong>Fluoroscopy</strong> is an imaging procedure that allows real-time x-ray viewing of the patient with high temporal resolution. It is based on an x-ray <a href="/articles/image-intensifier">image intensifier</a> (II) coupled to a photographic and/or video camera. In recent years <a href="/articles/flat-panel-detector">flat panel detectors</a>, (which are similar to the <a href="/articles/digital-radiography">digital radiography</a> used in projection radiology) are replacing the II component.</p><h4>Fluoroscopy</h4><p>Uses low current (0.5-5 mA), continuous or near-continuous x-ray exposures. Resultant images have relatively low <a href="/articles/signal-to-noise-ratio-1">signal to noise ratio (SNR)</a> but are of sufficient quality for patient positioning and certain procedures.</p><h4>Overview of a fluoroscopy system</h4><ul>- +<p><strong>Fluoroscopy</strong> is an <a href="/articles/modality">imaging modality</a> that allows real-time <a href="/articles/x-rays-1">x-ray</a> viewing of a patient with high <a href="/articles/temporal-resolution">temporal resolution</a>. It is based on an <a href="/articles/image-intensifier">x-ray image intensifier</a> coupled to a still/video camera. In recent years <a href="/articles/flat-panel-detector">flat panel detectors</a> (which are similar to the <a href="/articles/digital-radiography">digital radiography</a> used in <a href="/articles/projection-radiography">projection radiography</a>) have been replacing the image intensifiers.</p><p>Fluoroscopic apparatus uses low current (0.5-5 mA) for continuous or near-continuous x-ray exposures. Resultant images have relatively low <a href="/articles/signal-to-noise-ratio-1">signal to noise ratio (SNR)</a> but are of sufficient quality for patient positioning and certain diagnostic/therapeutic procedures.</p><h4>Overview of a fluoroscopy system</h4><ul>
-<li>x-ray tube, including <a href="/articles/filters">filters</a> and collimation</li>-<li>Patient table (which may be horizontal or erect)</li>- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/x-ray-tube-1">x-ray tube</a>, including <a href="/articles/filters">filters</a> and collimation</li>
- +<li>patient table (which may be horizontal or erect)</li>
-<li>optical distributor: used to couple the output image from the II to receiving devices:</li>-<li>video camera</li>-<li>spot-film cameraL recording static images onto film, which may incorporate a film changer (radiography and fluoroscopy (R&F) system)</li>-<li>cine camera: to record a sequence of images onto a roll of film</li>- +<li>optical distributor: used to couple the output image from the image intensifier to receiving devices:<ul>
- +<li>spot-film camera recording static images onto film, which may incorporate a film changer (<a href="/articles/radiography-and-fluoroscopy">radiography and fluoroscopy (R&F) system</a>)</li>
- +<li>cine camera: to record a sequence of images onto a roll of film/digital medium</li>
-<li>computer: for digital image processing, analysis and storage (digital <strong>fluorography)</strong>, e.g. DSA</li>-</ul><h5>Design of the x-ray tube and II assembly</h5><p>There are various set-ups of fluoroscopy machines: </p><ul>-<li>ceiling-suspended II and under-table tube (most common)</li>-<li>ceiling-suspended tube and under-table II</li>-<li>c-arm assembly: either ceiling-suspended or floor-mounted (for DSA and interventional procedures)</li>- +<li>computer: for digital image processing, analysis and storage (<strong>digital</strong> <strong>fluorography)</strong>, e.g. <a href="/articles/digital-subtraction-angiography">digital subtraction angiography (DSA)</a>
- +</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +</ul><h5>Design of the x-ray tube and image intensifier assembly</h5><p>There are various setups of fluoroscopy machines: </p><ul>
- +<li>ceiling-suspended image intensifier and under-table tube (most common)</li>
- +<li>ceiling-suspended tube and under-table image intensifier</li>
- +<li>C-arm assembly: either ceiling-suspended or floor-mounted (for DSA and interventional procedures)</li>
References changed:
- 1. Jerrold T. Bushberg. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. (2012) <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9781451118100">ISBN: 9781451118100</a><span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 2. John C. P. Heggie, Neil A. Liddell, Kieran P. Maher. Applied Imaging Technology. (2020) <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9781875271337">ISBN: 9781875271337</a><span class="ref_v4"></span> p.221
- 3. Walter Huda. Review of Radiologic Physics. (2016) <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9781496325082">ISBN: 9781496325082</a><span class="ref_v4"></span>
- 1. Bushberg JT, Siebert JA, Leidholdt EM & Boone JM. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 3rd Edition (2011). p.231
- 2. J C P Heggie, Liddell, N.A., Maher, K.P. and St. Vincent’s Hospital (Melbourne, Vic). Applied imaging technology. (2001). p.221
- 3. Huda W. Review of Radiologic Physics. 4 ed: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; (2016).
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