Habenula
Updates to Article Attributes
The habenula is part of the epithalamus and receives input from the brain via the stria medullaris. It outputs to many midbrain areas involved in releasing neuromodulators, such as dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin.
The habenula was traditionally divided into lateral (limbic) and medial (motor) parts although the lateral part should be further divided into ten distinct subnuclei and the medial into five distinct subnuclei.
It has many functions, including pain processing, reproductive behaviour, nutrition, sleep-wake cycles, stress responses, and learning. Functional MRI (fMRI) has recently linked the function of the lateral habenula with reward processing, in particular with regard to encoding negative feedback or negative rewards. Calcification
Related pathology
calcification of habenula
can: may beseen in the setting ofphysiological but may also be associated with schizophrenia.2
-<p>The <strong>habenula</strong> is part of the <a href="/articles/epithalamus">epithalamus</a> and receives input from the <a href="/articles/brain">brain</a> via the <a href="/articles/stria-medullaris-thalamus">stria medullaris</a>. It outputs to many <a href="/articles/midbrain">midbrain</a> areas involved in releasing neuromodulators, such as dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin.</p><p>The habenula was traditionally divided into lateral (limbic) and medial (motor) parts although the lateral part should be further divided into ten distinct subnuclei and the medial into five distinct subnuclei.</p><p>It has many functions, including pain processing, reproductive behaviour, nutrition, sleep-wake cycles, stress responses, and learning. <a href="/articles/functional-mri" title="Functional MRI">Functional MRI (fMRI)</a> has recently linked the function of the lateral habenula with reward processing, in particular with regard to encoding negative feedback or negative rewards. Calcification of habenula can be seen in the setting of schizophrenia.</p>- +<p>The <strong>habenula</strong> is part of the <a href="/articles/epithalamus">epithalamus</a> and receives input from the <a href="/articles/brain">brain</a> via the <a href="/articles/stria-medullaris-thalamus">stria medullaris</a>. It outputs to many <a href="/articles/midbrain">midbrain</a> areas involved in releasing neuromodulators, such as dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin.</p><p>The habenula was traditionally divided into lateral (limbic) and medial (motor) parts although the lateral part should be further divided into ten distinct subnuclei and the medial into five distinct subnuclei.</p><p>It has many functions, including pain processing, reproductive behaviour, nutrition, sleep-wake cycles, stress responses, and learning. <a href="/articles/functional-mri" title="Functional MRI">Functional MRI (fMRI)</a> has recently linked the function of the lateral habenula with reward processing, in particular with regard to encoding negative feedback or negative rewards.</p><h4>Related pathology</h4><ul><li><p>calcification of habenula: may be physiological but may also be associated with <a href="/articles/schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a> <sup>2</sup></p></li></ul>
References changed:
- 2. Saade C, Najem E, Asmar K, Salman R, El Achkar B, Naffaa L. Intracranial Calcifications on CT: An Updated Review. J Radiol Case Rep. 2019;13(8):1-18. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v13i8.3633">doi:10.3941/jrcr.v13i8.3633</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31558966">Pubmed</a>
- Saade C, Najem E, Asmar K, Salman R, El Achkar B, Naffaa L. Intracranial Calcifications on CT: An Updated Review. J Radiol Case Rep. 2019;13(8):1-18. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v13i8.3633">doi:10.3941/jrcr.v13i8.3633</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31558966">Pubmed</a>
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