Hypoparathyroidism
Updates to Synonym Attributes
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Hypoparathyroidism results from reduced secretion of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. It results in hypocalcaemia.
Clinical presentation
- tetany: peripheral paresthesia, carpopedal spasm, seizures
- emotional lability, depression and anxiety, psychosis
- short stature
Pathology
There are a number of causes for hypoparathyroidism 1:
- iatrogenic, e.g. post parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy
- congenital absence of the parathyroid glands, which may be syndromic in thymic aplasia or 22q11.2 syndrome
- familial, e.g. autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
- idiopathic (probably autoimmune-mediated destruction)
Markers
- parathyroid hormone (PTH) level: low
- serum phosphate level: high
- serum calcium level: low
Radiographic features
- musculoskeletal 2,3
- focal (~25%) and generalised (~10%) osteosclerosis
- dense metaphyseal bands
- skull vault thickening2
-
DISHdiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis-like changes - subcutaneous calcification (around shoulders and hips)
- CNS
- intracranial calcifications: most commonly basal ganglia but also subcortical white matter, corona radiata and thalamus
- head and neck
-<li>congenital absence of the parathyroid glands, which may be syndromic in thymic aplasia or 22q11.2 syndrome</li>- +<li>congenital absence of the parathyroid glands, which may be syndromic in <a href="/articles/thymic-aplasia">thymic aplasia</a> or 22q11.2 syndrome</li>
-<li>dense metaphyseal bands</li>-<li>skull vault thickening</li>- +<li><a href="/articles/differential-diagnosis-of-dense-metaphyseal-bands">dense metaphyseal bands</a></li>
-<a href="/articles/diffuse-idiopathic-skeletal-hyperostosis">DISH</a>-like changes</li>- +<a href="/articles/skull-vault-thickening">skull vault thickening</a> <sup>2</sup>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/diffuse-idiopathic-skeletal-hyperostosis">diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis</a>-like changes</li>
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.