Insular cortex
Updates to Article Attributes
The insular cortex (abbrev. insula) lies deep to the lateral surface of the brain.
Gross anatomy
The insular cortex lies within the lateral sulcus which separates the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe dorsally. The overlying cortical areas formed by the frontal and temporal lobes are known as opercula (meaning "lids").
The insular cortex is considered to be a part of a number of structures according to different authorities:
- a separate lobe of the telencephalon
- part of the temporal lobe
- grouped with limbic structures
EtymologyNeurophysiology
Functionally, the insulae are believed to be involved in consciousness and play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions include perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience. In relation to these it is involved in psychopathology.
In motor control it contributes to hand and eye motor movement,swallowing, gastric motility and speech articulation. It has been identified as a "central command” centre that ensures that heart rate and blood pressure increase at the onset of exercise Research upon conversation links it to the capacity for long and complex spoken sentences. It is also involved in motor learning and has been identified as playing a role in the motor recovery from stroke.
History and etymology
It is also known by the name Island of Reil, named after Johann Christian Reil.
-</ul><h4>Etymology</h4><p>It is also known by the name <strong>Island of Reil</strong>, named after <em>Johann Christian Reil</em>.</p>- +</ul><h4>Neurophysiology </h4><p>Functionally, the insulae are believed to be involved in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness">consciousness</a> and play a role in diverse functions usually linked to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotion">emotion</a> or the regulation of the body's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis">homeostasis</a>. These functions include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception">perception</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_control">motor control</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-awareness">self-awareness</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_function">cognitive functioning</a>, and interpersonal experience. In relation to these it is involved in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathology">psychopathology</a>.</p><p>In motor control it contributes to hand and eye motor movement,swallowing, gastric motility and speech articulation. It has been identified as a "central command” centre that ensures that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate">heart rate</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_pressure">blood pressure</a> increase at the onset of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_physiology">exercise</a> Research upon conversation links it to the capacity for long and complex spoken sentences. It is also involved in motor learning and has been identified as playing a role in the motor recovery from stroke.</p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>It is also known by the name <strong>Island of Reil</strong>, named after <em>Johann Christian Reil</em>.</p>
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