Intracranial yolk sac tumor
Updates to Article Attributes
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was changed:
Yolk sac tumours (YST) represent 2% of nongerminomatous germ cell tumours 1.
Epidemiology
Intracranial yolk sac tumours usuallycommonly occur in childhood or adolescence. CSF alfa fetoprotein can act as a tumour marker for YSTyolk sac tumours.
Radiographic features
Intracranial yolk sac tumours are usually are located commonly in the pineal gland, suprasellar and posterior third ventricular region 1,2. Primary YST hasyolk sac tumours have also been reported in the spinal cord 3.
MRI
- T1: hypointense
- T2: hyperintense
- T1 C+ (Gd): heterogenous enhancement
-
T2: hyperintense
A haemorrhageHaemorrhage is occasionally present.
Treatment and prognosis
Prognosis is considered to be poorer as compared to germinomas 4. A combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended 4.
Differential Diagnosis
- craniopharyngioma
- germ cell tumours
- gliomas
- pituitary macroadenomas
- meningiomas
-<p><strong>Yolk sac tumours</strong> (YST) represent 2% of nongerminomatous <a href="/articles/intracranial-germ-cell-tumours">germ cell tumours</a> <sup>1</sup>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Intracranial yolk sac tumours usually occur in childhood or adolescence. <a title="CSF Alpha fetoprotein" href="/articles/csf-alpha-fetoprotein">CSF alfa fetoprotein</a> can act as a tumour marker for YST. </p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Intracranial yolk sac tumours usually are located commonly in the <a href="/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour">pineal gland</a>, suprasellar and posterior third ventricular region <sup>1,2</sup>. Primary YST has also been reported in the <a href="/articles/spinal-cord">spinal cord</a> <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>MRI</h4><ul>- +<p><strong>Yolk sac tumours</strong> (YST) represent 2% of nongerminomatous <a href="/articles/intracranial-germ-cell-tumours">germ cell tumours</a> <sup>1</sup>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Intracranial yolk sac tumours commonly occur in childhood or adolescence. <a href="/articles/csf-alpha-fetoprotein">CSF alfa fetoprotein</a> can act as a tumour marker for yolk sac tumours. </p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Intracranial yolk sac tumours are usually located in the <a href="/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour">pineal gland</a>, suprasellar and posterior third ventricular region <sup>1,2</sup>. Primary yolk sac tumours have also been reported in the <a href="/articles/spinal-cord">spinal cord</a> <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>MRI</h4><ul>
-<strong>T1 C+ (Gd): </strong> heterogenous enhancement</li>-<li>-</ul><p>A haemorrhage is occasionally present.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Prognosis is considered to be poorer as compared to <a href="/articles/central-nervous-system-germinoma">germinomas</a> <sup>4</sup><strong>. </strong>A combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended <sup>4</sup>.</p><h4><strong>Differential Diagnosis</strong></h4><ul>- +<li>
- +<strong>T1 C+ (Gd): </strong> heterogenous enhancement</li>
- +</ul><p>Haemorrhage is occasionally present.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Prognosis is considered to be poorer as compared to <a href="/articles/central-nervous-system-germinoma">germinomas</a> <sup>4</sup><strong>. </strong>A combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended <sup>4</sup>.</p><h4><strong>Differential Diagnosis</strong></h4><ul>
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