Intracranial yolk sac tumor
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- updated 10 May 2022:
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Intracranial yolk sac tumor
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Intracranial yolk sac tumours represent 2% of nongerminomatous germ cell tumours 1.
Epidemiology
Intracranial yolk sac tumours commonly occur in childhood or adolescence. CSF alfa fetoprotein can act as a tumour marker for yolk sac tumours.
Radiographic features
Intracranial yolk sac tumours are usually located in the pineal gland (see pineal yolk sac tumour), suprasellar and posterior third ventricular region 1,2. Primary yolk sac tumours have also been reported in the spinal cord 3.
MRI
- T1: hypointense
- T2: hyperintense
- T1 C+ (Gd): heterogenous enhancement
Haemorrhage is occasionally present.
Treatment and prognosis
Prognosis is considered to be poorer as compared to germinomas 4. A combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended 4.
Differential diagnosis
Consider
See also
-<p><strong>Intracranial yolk sac tumours</strong> represent 2% of nongerminomatous <a href="/articles/intracranial-germ-cell-tumours">germ cell tumours</a> <sup>1</sup>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Intracranial yolk sac tumours commonly occur in childhood or adolescence. <a href="/articles/csf-alpha-fetoprotein">CSF alfa fetoprotein</a> can act as a tumour marker for yolk sac tumours. </p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Intracranial yolk sac tumours are usually located in the <a href="/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour">pineal gland</a>, suprasellar and posterior third ventricular region <sup>1,2</sup>. Primary yolk sac tumours have also been reported in the <a href="/articles/spinal-cord">spinal cord</a> <sup>3</sup>.</p><h5>MRI</h5><ul>- +<p><strong>Intracranial yolk sac tumours</strong> represent 2% of nongerminomatous <a href="/articles/intracranial-germ-cell-tumours">germ cell tumours</a> <sup>1</sup>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>Intracranial yolk sac tumours commonly occur in childhood or adolescence. <a href="/articles/csf-alpha-fetoprotein-1">CSF alfa fetoprotein</a> can act as a tumour marker for yolk sac tumours. </p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Intracranial yolk sac tumours are usually located in the <a href="/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour">pineal gland</a> (see <a href="/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour">pineal yolk sac tumour</a>), suprasellar and posterior third ventricular region <sup>1,2</sup>. Primary yolk sac tumours have also been reported in the <a href="/articles/spinal-cord">spinal cord</a> <sup>3</sup>.</p><h5>MRI</h5><ul>
-</ul><p>Haemorrhage is occasionally present.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Prognosis is considered to be poorer as compared to <a href="/articles/central-nervous-system-germinoma">germinomas</a> <sup>4</sup>. A combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended <sup>4</sup>.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><ul>- +</ul><p>Haemorrhage is occasionally present.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Prognosis is considered to be poorer as compared to <a href="/articles/central-nervous-system-germinoma">germinomas</a> <sup>4</sup>. A combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended <sup>4</sup>.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>Consider</p><ul>
-<li>germ cell tumours</li>-<li>gliomas</li>- +<li><a href="/articles/germ-cell-tumours">germ cell tumours</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/gliomas">gliomas</a></li>
-</ul>- +</ul><h4>See also</h4><ul><li><a title="Yolk sac tumours" href="/articles/yolk-sac-tumour">yolk sac tumours</a></li></ul>
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