Isomer
Updates to Article Attributes
In nuclear physics, isomers are atomic species that are identical in nuclear composition, sharing the same mass and atomic numbers, but differ in their relative energy states, and will therefore differ in their manner of radioactive decay.
An exmapleExamples of isomer is isomers include:
metastable technetium-99
that, which decays into technetium-99inwith a half-life of 6 hours by emission of gamma rays 4,5. Another example ismetastable krypton-81
that, which decays into krypton-21 in-81 with a half-life of 13 seconds also by releasing gamma rays 5.
This term should not be confused with the similarly sounding isotope, isobar and isotone.
The term should also not be confused with isomerism in organic chemistry, which describes molecules with an identical chemical formula but differ from one another with respect to spatial configuration.
History and etymology
Nuclear isomerism was discovered by Otto Hahn in 1921, the German scientist widely known as the father of nuclear chemistry 3.
-<p>In nuclear physics, <strong>isomers </strong>are atomic species that are identical in nuclear composition, sharing the same mass and atomic numbers, but differ in their relative energy states, and will therefore differ in their manner of radioactive decay.</p><p>An exmaple of isomer is <a href="/articles/technetium-99m-agents" title="metastable technetium-99">metastable technetium-99</a> that decays into technetium-99 in 6 hours by emission of gamma rays <sup>4,5</sup>. Another example is metastable krypton-81 that decays into krypton-21 in 13 seconds also by releasing gamma rays <sup>5</sup>.</p><p>This term should not be confused with the similarly sounding <a href="/articles/isotope">isotope</a>, <a href="/articles/isobar">isobar</a> and <a href="/articles/isotone">isotone</a>.</p><p>The term should also not be confused with isomerism in organic chemistry, which describes molecules with an identical chemical formula but differ from one another with respect to spatial configuration.</p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>Nuclear isomerism was discovered by <strong>Otto Hahn </strong>in 1921, the German scientist widely known as the father of nuclear chemistry <sup>3</sup>.</p>- +<p>In nuclear physics, <strong>isomers </strong>are atomic species that are identical in nuclear composition, sharing the same mass and atomic numbers, but differ in their relative energy states, and will therefore differ in their manner of radioactive decay.</p><p>Examples of isomers include:</p><ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/technetium-99m-agents" title="metastable technetium-99">metastable technetium-99</a>, which decays into technetium-99 with a half-life of 6 hours by emission of gamma rays <sup>4,5</sup></p></li>
- +<li><p>metastable krypton-81, which decays into krypton-81 with a half-life of 13 seconds also by releasing gamma rays <sup>5</sup></p></li>
- +</ul><p>This term should not be confused with the similarly sounding <a href="/articles/isotope">isotope</a>, <a href="/articles/isobar">isobar</a> and <a href="/articles/isotone">isotone</a>.</p><p>The term should also not be confused with isomerism in organic chemistry, which describes molecules with an identical chemical formula but differ from one another with respect to spatial configuration.</p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>Nuclear isomerism was discovered by <strong>Otto Hahn </strong>in 1921, the German scientist widely known as the father of nuclear chemistry <sup>3</sup>.</p>
References changed:
- 1. Nuclear Medicine Radiation Dosimetry: Advanced Theoretical Principles. (2010) ISBN: 9781848821262 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9781848821262">Google Books</a>
- 4. Green C. Technetium-99m Production Issues in the United Kingdom. J Med Phys. 2012;37(2):66-71. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.94740">doi:10.4103/0971-6203.94740</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22557795">Pubmed</a>
- 5. Penelope J. Allisy-Roberts, Jerry Williams. Farr's Physics for Medical Imaging. (2007) ISBN: 9780702028441 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780702028441">Google Books</a>
- 1. Brian J McParland. Nuclear Medicine Radiation Dosimetry: Advanced Theoretical Principles. (2010) ISBN: 9781848821262 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9781848821262">Google Books</a>
- 4. Green C. Technetium-99m Production Issues in the United Kingdom. J Med Phys. 2012;37(2):66. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.94740">doi:10.4103/0971-6203.94740</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22557795">Pubmed</a>
- 5. Allisy-Roberts, P, WIlliams J. Farr's Physics for Medical Imaging. Second edition. 2008. Page 122-123. <a href="https://books.google.com.my/books/about/Farr_s_Physics_for_Medical_Imaging.html?id=EHODwuD73XMC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y">Google Books</a>
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