Labyrinthitis ossificans

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Labyrinthitis ossificans, also known as labyrinthine ossification, represents pathological ossification of the membranous labyrinth as a response to an insult to the inner ear.

Clinical presentation

It is usually associated with profound sensorineural hearing loss, and may sometimes be associated with dizziness and/or vertigo. It is the most common cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss in children.

Pathology

The disorder is most commonly the end result of prior suppurative labyrinthitis, either related to otomastoiditis (tympanogenic etiology) or meningitis (meningogenic etiology) ^1,^5-7. Other causes include temporal bone surgery or trauma ^1,5, autoimmune inner ear disease ^9,10, and sickle cell disease ⁵.

Associations

tympanosclerosis¹¹

Radiographic features

The scala tympani of the basal turn of the cochlea is the most commonly affected site ¹¹.

CT

High-density bone deposition within the membranous labyrinth:

mild disease: hazy increase in density within fluid spaces of the membranous labyrinth
moderate disease: focal areas of bony encroachment on fluid spaces of the membranous labyrinth
severe disease: membranous labyrinth completely obliterated by bone replacing fluid spaces

MRI

loss of normal high signal of fluid within the membranous labyrinth is seen on heavily T2 weighted images (as low signal intensity foci in the labyrinth)

Treatment and prognosis

It may complicate or preclude cochlear implantation.

Differential diagnosis

Possible imaging differential considerations include:

labyrinthine aplasia or cochlear aplasia
retrofenestral/cochlear otosclerosis

-<p><strong>Labyrinthitis ossificans</strong>, also known as <strong>labyrinthine ossification</strong>, represents pathological ossification of the <a href="/articles/membranous-labyrinth">membranous labyrinth</a> as a response to an insult to the <a href="/articles/inner-ear">inner ear</a>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>It is usually associated with profound <a href="/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss">sensorineural hearing loss</a>, and may sometimes be associated with dizziness and/or vertigo. It is most common cause of acquired <a href="/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss">sensorineural hearing loss</a> in children.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The disorder is most commonly the end result of prior suppurative labyrinthitis, either related to <a href="/articles/chronic-otomastoiditis">otomastoiditis</a> (tympanogenic etiology) or <a href="/articles/leptomeningitis">meningitis</a> (meningogenic etiology) <sup>1,</sup><sup>5-7</sup>. Other causes include <a href="/articles/temporal-bone-1">temporal bone</a> surgery or <a href="/articles/temporal-bone-fracture-1">trauma</a> <sup>1,5</sup>, <a href="/articles/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease">autoimmune inner ear disease</a> <sup>9,10</sup>, and <a href="/articles/sickle-cell-disease">sickle cell disease</a> <sup>5</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><h5>CT</h5><p>High-density bone deposition within the membranous labyrinth:</p><ul>
+<p><strong>Labyrinthitis ossificans</strong>, also known as <strong>labyrinthine ossification</strong>, represents pathological ossification of the <a href="/articles/membranous-labyrinth">membranous labyrinth</a> as a response to an insult to the <a href="/articles/inner-ear">inner ear</a>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>It is usually associated with profound <a href="/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss">sensorineural hearing loss</a>, and may sometimes be associated with dizziness and/or vertigo. It is the most common cause of acquired <a href="/articles/sensorineural-hearing-loss">sensorineural hearing loss</a> in children.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The disorder is most commonly the end result of prior suppurative labyrinthitis, either related to <a href="/articles/chronic-otomastoiditis">otomastoiditis</a> (tympanogenic etiology) or <a href="/articles/leptomeningitis">meningitis</a> (meningogenic etiology) <sup>1,</sup><sup>5-7</sup>. Other causes include <a href="/articles/temporal-bone-1">temporal bone</a> surgery or <a href="/articles/temporal-bone-fracture-1">trauma</a> <sup>1,5</sup>, <a href="/articles/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease">autoimmune inner ear disease</a> <sup>9,10</sup>, and <a href="/articles/sickle-cell-disease">sickle cell disease</a> <sup>5</sup>.</p><h5>Associations</h5><ul><li>
+<a title="tympanosclerosis" href="/articles/tympanosclerosis">tympanosclerosis</a> <sup>11</sup>
+</li></ul><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>The scala tympani of the basal turn of the <a title="Cochlea" href="/articles/cochlea">cochlea</a> is the most commonly affected site <sup>11</sup>.</p><h5>CT</h5><p>High-density bone deposition within the membranous labyrinth:</p><ul>

References changed:

10. David M. Yousem. Head and Neck Imaging: Case Review Series E-Book. (2014) <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9780323187831">ISBN: 9780323187831</a><span class="ref_v4"></span>

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