Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Updates to Article Attributes
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a catch-all term for lymphomas that are notHodgkin subtype. It is a heterogeneous group of malignancies in terms of histologyclinical presentationmature B cells, T cell precursors, and mature T cells.
It can be divided into two groups, 'indolent' and 'aggressive' based on the disease's prognosis.
Indolent lymphoma: with waxing and waning lymphadenopathy for many years. Lymphomas that usually have indolent presentations include follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, and splenic marginal zone lymphoma
aggressive lymphomas: have specific B symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, and fever and can result in deaths within a few weeks if untreated. Aggressive lymphomas include diffuse large B cell lymphoma, lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, precursor B and T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma, and certain other peripheral T cell lymphomas.
Clinical presentation
Up to two-thirds of patients present with peripheral lymphadenopathy.
Rashes on the skin, increased hypersensitivity reactions to insect bites, generalised fatigue, pruritus, malaise, fever of unknown origin, ascites, and effusions are less common presenting features.
Approximately half of the patients develop extranodal disease (secondary extranodal disease) during the course of their disease while between 10 and 35 percent of patients have primary extranodal lymphoma at diagnosis.
Primary gastrointestinal (GI) tract lymphoma:
nausea and vomiting,
aversion to food
weight loss
fullness of the abdomen
early satiety
visceral obstruction-related symptoms
features of acute perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding
features of malabsorption syndrome
Primary central nervous system (CNS)
headaches
spinal cord compression features
lethargy
focal neurologic deficits
seizures
paralysis
See 2008 WHO classification for further information on subtypes.
-<p><strong>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma</strong> (<strong>NHL</strong>) is a catch-all term for <a href="/articles/lymphoma">lymphomas</a> that are not of the <a href="/articles/hodgkin-lymphoma">Hodgkin subtype</a>. It is a heterogeneous group of malignancies in terms of histology, clinical presentation, and prognosis. </p><p>See <a href="/articles/who-classification-of-tumours-of-haematopoietic-and-lymphoid-tissues-1">2008 WHO classification</a> for further information on subtypes. </p>- +<p><strong>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma</strong> (<strong>NHL</strong>) is a neoplasm of the lymphoid tissues originating from B cell precursors, mature B cells, T cell precursors, and mature T cells.</p><p>It can be divided into two groups, <strong>'indolent'</strong> and<strong> 'aggressive'</strong> based on the disease's prognosis.</p><ul>
- +<li><p>Indolent lymphoma: with waxing and waning lymphadenopathy for many years. Lymphomas that usually have indolent presentations include <a href="/articles/follicular-lymphoma" title="Follicular lymphoma">follicular lymphoma</a>, <a href="/articles/chronic-lymphocytic-leukaemia" title="Chronic lymphocytic leukemia">chronic lymphocytic leukaemia</a>/<a href="/articles/small-lymphocytic-lymphoma" title="Small lymphocytic lymphoma">small lymphocytic lymphoma</a>, and splenic marginal zone lymphoma</p></li>
- +<li><p>aggressive lymphomas: have specific B symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, and fever and can result in deaths within a few weeks if untreated. Aggressive lymphomas include diffuse large B cell lymphoma, lymphoma, <a href="/articles/burkitt-lymphoma" title="Burkitt lymphoma">Burkitt lymphoma</a>, precursor B and T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma, and certain other peripheral T cell lymphomas.</p></li>
- +</ul><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Up to two-thirds of patients present with peripheral <a href="/articles/lymph-node-enlargement" title="Lymphadenopathy">lymphadenopathy</a>.</p><p>Rashes on the skin, increased hypersensitivity reactions to insect bites, generalised fatigue, pruritus, malaise, fever of unknown origin, ascites, and effusions are less common presenting features.</p><p>Approximately half of the patients develop extranodal disease (secondary extranodal disease) during the course of their disease while between 10 and 35 percent of patients have primary extranodal lymphoma at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Primary gastrointestinal (GI) tract lymphoma:</strong></p><ul>
- +<li><p>nausea and vomiting,</p></li>
- +<li><p>aversion to food</p></li>
- +<li><p>weight loss</p></li>
- +<li><p>fullness of the abdomen</p></li>
- +<li><p>early satiety</p></li>
- +<li><p>visceral obstruction-related symptoms</p></li>
- +<li><p>features of acute perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding</p></li>
- +<li><p>features of malabsorption syndrome</p></li>
- +</ul><p><strong>Primary central nervous system (CNS)</strong></p><ul>
- +<li><p>headaches</p></li>
- +<li><p>spinal cord compression features</p></li>
- +<li><p>lethargy</p></li>
- +<li><p>focal neurologic deficits</p></li>
- +<li><p>seizures</p></li>
- +<li><p>paralysis</p></li>
- +</ul><p>See <a href="/articles/who-classification-of-haematolymphoid-tumours">2008 WHO classification</a> for further information on subtypes. </p>
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