Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Updates to Article Attributes
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a neoplasm of the lymphoid tissues originating from B cell precursors, mature B cells, T cell precursors, and mature T cells.
It can be divided into two groups, 'indolent' and 'aggressive', based on the disease's prognosis.
Indolent lymphoma: with waxing and waning lymphadenopathy for many years
. Lymphomas that usually have indolent presentations includefollicular lymphoma,chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, and splenic marginal zone lymphomaaggressive lymphomas: have specific B symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, and fever and can result in
deathsdeath within a few weeks if untreated. Aggressive lymphomas include diffuse large B cell lymphoma, lymphoma,Burkitt lymphoma, precursor B and T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma, and certain other peripheral T cell lymphomas.
Clinical presentation
Up to two-thirds of patients present with peripheral lymphadenopathy.
Rashes on the skin, increased hypersensitivity reactions to insect bites, generalised fatigue, pruritus, malaise, fever of unknown origin, ascites, and effusions are less common presenting features.
Approximately half of the patients develop extranodal disease (secondary extranodal disease) during the course of their disease, while between 10 and 35 percentper cent of patients have primary extranodal lymphoma at diagnosis.
Primary gastrointestinal (GI) tract lymphoma:
nausea and vomiting,
aversion to food
weight loss
fullness of the abdomen
early satiety
visceral obstruction-related symptoms
features of acute perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding
features of malabsorption syndrome
Primary central nervous system (CNS)
headaches
spinal cord compression features
lethargy
focal neurologic deficits
seizures
paralysis
See 2008 WHO classification for further information on subtypes.
Treatment and Prognosis
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can be divided into two groups, 'indolent' and 'aggressive' based on disease prognosis:
Indolent lymphoma tends to have waxing and waning lymphadenopathy for many years, e.g. follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, and splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Aggressive lymphoma is often associated with B symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, and fever. Aggressive lymphomas include diffuse large B cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, precursor B and T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma, and certain other peripheral T cell lymphomas.
-<p><strong>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma</strong> (<strong>NHL</strong>) is a neoplasm of the lymphoid tissues originating from B cell precursors, mature B cells, T cell precursors, and mature T cells.</p><p>It can be divided into two groups, <strong>'indolent'</strong> and<strong> 'aggressive'</strong> based on the disease's prognosis.</p><ul>-<li><p>Indolent lymphoma: with waxing and waning lymphadenopathy for many years. Lymphomas that usually have indolent presentations include <a href="/articles/follicular-lymphoma" title="Follicular lymphoma">follicular lymphoma</a>, <a href="/articles/chronic-lymphocytic-leukaemia" title="Chronic lymphocytic leukemia">chronic lymphocytic leukaemia</a>/<a href="/articles/small-lymphocytic-lymphoma" title="Small lymphocytic lymphoma">small lymphocytic lymphoma</a>, and splenic marginal zone lymphoma</p></li>-<li><p>aggressive lymphomas: have specific B symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, and fever and can result in deaths within a few weeks if untreated. Aggressive lymphomas include diffuse large B cell lymphoma, lymphoma, <a href="/articles/burkitt-lymphoma" title="Burkitt lymphoma">Burkitt lymphoma</a>, precursor B and T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma, and certain other peripheral T cell lymphomas.</p></li>-</ul><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Up to two-thirds of patients present with peripheral <a href="/articles/lymph-node-enlargement" title="Lymphadenopathy">lymphadenopathy</a>.</p><p>Rashes on the skin, increased hypersensitivity reactions to insect bites, generalised fatigue, pruritus, malaise, fever of unknown origin, ascites, and effusions are less common presenting features.</p><p>Approximately half of the patients develop extranodal disease (secondary extranodal disease) during the course of their disease while between 10 and 35 percent of patients have primary extranodal lymphoma at diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Primary gastrointestinal (GI) tract lymphoma:</strong></p><ul>- +<p><strong>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma</strong> (<strong>NHL</strong>) is a neoplasm of the lymphoid tissues originating from B cell precursors, mature B cells, T cell precursors, and mature T cells.</p><p>It can be divided into two groups, <strong>'indolent'</strong> and<strong> 'aggressive'</strong>, based on the disease's prognosis.</p><ul>
- +<li><p>Indolent lymphoma: with waxing and waning lymphadenopathy for many years</p></li>
- +<li><p>aggressive lymphomas: have specific B symptoms such as weight loss, night sweats, and fever and can result in death within a few weeks if untreated</p></li>
- +</ul><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Up to two-thirds of patients present with peripheral <a href="/articles/lymph-node-enlargement" title="Lymphadenopathy">lymphadenopathy</a>.</p><p>Rashes on the skin, increased hypersensitivity reactions to insect bites, generalised fatigue, pruritus, malaise, fever of unknown origin, ascites, and effusions are less common presenting features.</p><p>Approximately half of the patients develop extranodal disease (secondary extranodal disease) during the course of their disease, while between 10 and 35 per cent of patients have primary extranodal lymphoma at diagnosis.</p><p>Primary gastrointestinal (GI) tract lymphoma</p><ul>
-</ul><p><strong>Primary central nervous system (CNS)</strong></p><ul>- +</ul><p>Primary central nervous system (CNS)</p><ul>
-</ul><p>See <a href="/articles/who-classification-of-haematolymphoid-tumours">2008 WHO classification</a> for further information on subtypes. </p>- +</ul><p>See <a href="/articles/who-classification-of-haematolymphoid-tumours">2008 WHO classification</a> for further information on subtypes. </p><h4>Treatment and Prognosis</h4><p>Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can be divided into two groups, <strong>'indolent'</strong> and<strong> 'aggressive'</strong> based on disease prognosis:</p><p>Indolent lymphoma tends to have waxing and waning lymphadenopathy for many years, e.g. <a href="/articles/follicular-lymphoma" title="Follicular lymphoma">follicular lymphoma</a>, <a href="/articles/chronic-lymphocytic-leukaemia" title="Chronic lymphocytic leukemia">chronic lymphocytic leukaemia</a>/<a href="/articles/small-lymphocytic-lymphoma" title="Small lymphocytic lymphoma">small lymphocytic lymphoma</a>, and splenic marginal zone lymphoma</p><p>Aggressive lymphoma is often associated with <a href="/articles/b-symptoms" title="B symptoms">B symptoms</a> such as weight loss, night sweats, and fever. Aggressive lymphomas include diffuse large B cell lymphoma, <a href="/articles/burkitt-lymphoma" title="Burkitt lymphoma">Burkitt lymphoma</a>, precursor B and T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma, and certain other peripheral T cell lymphomas.</p>
References changed:
- 1. John P. Leonard, Morton Coleman. Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. (2006) ISBN: 9780387293455 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780387293455">Google Books</a>
- 2. Duodecim Medical Publications. Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines. (2005) ISBN: 9780470011843 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780470011843">Google Books</a>
- Sumina Sapkota1; Hira Shaikh2. Affiliations 1 Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara 2 University of Cincinnati Medical Center Publication History Last Update: February 24, 2023. Copyright Copyright © 2023, StatPearls Publishing LLC.
- 1. Hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's lymphoma. Springer. ISBN:0387293450. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0387293450">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0387293450">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
- 2. Publications DM. Evidence-based medicine guidelines. Wiley. ISBN:047001184X. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN047001184X">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/047001184X">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
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