Notochord
Updates to Article Attributes
The notochord represents the earliest fetal axial skeleton, extending from the Rathke pouch to the coccyx. It is a primitive cell line from which the skull base and vertebral column develop. The notochord is cylindrical and is replaced by sclerotomes that produce cartilage, and subsequently bone. Remnants
In non-human species, cells of the notochord alongside the mucoid nucleus pulposus continue to exist after adulthood. Nonetheless, human notochord cells are replaced by the age of four by chondrocyte-like ones, whose origin is unspecified. Because these cells synthesize proteoglycans and produce large quantities of collagen, the nucleus pulposus is dehydrated, opacified and rendered firmer 3.
Remnants of the notochord usually remain near the midline and are entrapped in bone. Chordomas are a malignant tumour that can develop from the notochord remnants.
The nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs represent residual notochord.
Vestigial non-neoplastic notochordal remnants are seen in up to 2% of cadavers, usually in the midline. They are located:
- spheno-occipital synchondrosis
- sacrococcygeal regions
- smaller scattered foci in the spine (especially C2 and lumbar spine)
Related pathology
-<p>The <strong>notochord</strong> represents the earliest fetal axial skeleton, extending from the <a href="/articles/rathke-pouch-1">Rathke pouch</a> to the <a href="/articles/coccyx">coccyx</a>. It is a primitive cell line from which the skull base and vertebral column develop. The notochord is cylindrical and is replaced by sclerotomes that produce cartilage, and subsequently bone. Remnants of the notochord usually remain near the midline and are entrapped in bone. <a href="/articles/chordomas">C</a><a href="/articles/chordoma">hordomas</a> are a malignant tumour that can develop from the notochord remnants.</p><p>The nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs represent residual notochord.</p><p>Vestigial non-neoplastic notochordal remnants are seen in up to 2% of cadavers, usually in the midline. They are located:</p><ul>- +<p>The <strong>notochord</strong> represents the earliest fetal axial skeleton, extending from the <a href="/articles/rathke-pouch-1">Rathke pouch</a> to the <a href="/articles/coccyx">coccyx</a>. It is a primitive cell line from which the skull base and vertebral column develop. The notochord is cylindrical and is replaced by sclerotomes that produce cartilage, and subsequently bone. </p><p>In non-human species, cells of the notochord alongside the mucoid <a title="Nucleus pulposus" href="/articles/nucleus-pulposus">nucleus pulposus</a> continue to exist after adulthood. Nonetheless, human notochord cells are replaced by the age of four by chondrocyte-like ones, whose origin is unspecified. Because these cells synthesize proteoglycans and produce large quantities of collagen, the nucleus pulposus is dehydrated, opacified and rendered firmer <sup>3</sup>. </p><p>Remnants of the notochord usually remain near the midline and are entrapped in bone. <a href="/articles/chordomas">C</a><a href="/articles/chordoma">hordomas</a> are a malignant tumour that can develop from the notochord remnants.</p><p>The nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs represent residual notochord.</p><p>Vestigial non-neoplastic notochordal remnants are seen in up to 2% of cadavers, usually in the midline. They are located:</p><ul>
-<li><a title="Inferior median clival canal" href="/articles/inferior-median-clival-canal">Inferior median clival canal</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/canalis-basilaris-medianus-1">Inferior median clival canal</a></li>
References changed:
- 3. Urban J, Roberts S, Ralphs J. The Nucleus of the Intervertebral Disc from Development to Degeneration. Am Zool. 2000;40(1):53-061. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/40.1.53">doi:10.1093/icb/40.1.53</a>
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