Obstruction of nasolacrimal drainage apparatus
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Obstruction of nasolacrimal drainage apparatus results in epiphora and can be primary or secondary, congenital or acquired. Obstruction can occur in canaliculi, lacrimal sac, or nasolacrimal duct (post saccular) levels.
Congenital obstruction is usually secondary to persistence of the membrane at the valve of Hasner,which results in complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction and dacryocystitis.
Acquired obstruction can be primary (PANDO) or secondary due to a wide range of detectable causes such as trauma and facial fractures, surgery, inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis and Wegener's granulomatosisgranulomatosis with polyangiitis, primary or secondary neoplasms, enlarged ethmoid mucoceles. Secondary acquired obstruction of the canaliculi includes infections, skin burns, drugs for glaucoma, or chemotherapeutic agents such as fluorouracil.
-<p><strong>Obstruction of nasolacrimal drainage apparatus </strong>results in epiphora and can be primary or secondary, congenital or acquired. Obstruction can occur in canaliculi, lacrimal sac, or <a href="/articles/nasolacrimal-duct">nasolacrimal duct</a> (post saccular) levels.</p><p>Congenital obstruction is usually secondary to persistence of the membrane at the <a href="/articles/hasner">valve of Hasner</a>,<strong> </strong>which results in complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction and <a href="/articles/dacryocystitis">dacryocystitis</a>.</p><p>Acquired obstruction can be primary (<a href="/articles/primary-acquired-nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction-pando-1">PANDO</a>) or secondary due to a wide range of detectable causes such as trauma and facial fractures, surgery, inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis and Wegener's granulomatosis, primary or secondary neoplasms, enlarged ethmoid mucoceles. Secondary acquired obstruction of the canaliculi includes infections, skin burns, drugs for glaucoma, or chemotherapeutic agents such as fluorouracil.</p>- +<p><strong>Obstruction of nasolacrimal drainage apparatus </strong>results in epiphora and can be primary or secondary, congenital or acquired. Obstruction can occur in canaliculi, lacrimal sac, or <a href="/articles/nasolacrimal-duct">nasolacrimal duct</a> (post saccular) levels.</p><p>Congenital obstruction is usually secondary to persistence of the membrane at the <a href="/articles/hasner">valve of Hasner</a>,<strong> </strong>which results in complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction and <a href="/articles/dacryocystitis">dacryocystitis</a>.</p><p>Acquired obstruction can be primary (<a href="/articles/primary-acquired-nasolacrimal-duct-obstruction-pando-1">PANDO</a>) or secondary due to a wide range of detectable causes such as trauma and facial fractures, surgery, inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, primary or secondary neoplasms, enlarged ethmoid mucoceles. Secondary acquired obstruction of the canaliculi includes infections, skin burns, drugs for glaucoma, or chemotherapeutic agents such as fluorouracil.</p>
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