Renal artery aneurysm
Updates to Article Attributes
Renal artery aneurysms (RAA) are considered the second most common visceral aneurysm (15-22%), most common being splenic artery aneurysm (60%). They are more common in females. Most of the lesions are saccular and tend to occur at the bifurcation of main renal artery.
Epidemiology
RAAs occur in ~0.09.1% of the population 6,8. They are more common in females ref with a median age of diagnosis of 50 years 8.
Clinical presentation
Most cases are asymptomatic. Symptoms usually arise from rupture of an aneurysm, embolisation of peripheral vascular bed or arterial thrombosis 1. Hypertension is associated in up to 73%with ~75% of cases of these aneurysmaneurysms. Haematuria has also been reported in many cases.
Pathology
Approximately 20% of cases are bilateral. Mostly, the aneurysms are saccular and tend to occur at the bifurcation of the main renal artery or first-order branch 8.
Aetiology
- fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD): 35%
- degenerative aneurysm: 25%
- vasculitides, e.g. Behcet disease
- phakomatoses, e.g. tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis
- intrinsic collagen deficiency, e.g. Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- trauma 1,2
Radiographic features
CT
- noncontrast: soft tissue mass lesion in the region or course of renal artery
- postcontrast: contrast-filled outpouching in the course of the renal artery
Angiography (DSA)
Aneurysms can be well detected and characterized by angiography, in terms of size, neck diameter and type.
Treatment and prognosis
Management depends on various factors like age, sex, severity of hypertension, anticipated pregnancy, and aneurysm morphology. In any young female with anticipated pregnancy, embolization or endovascular intervention is suggested. Pregnancy-associated RAA rupture is associated with 80% mortality.
Follow-up for renal artery aneurysm 5:
- 1.0-1.5 cm: can be safely followed 6
- follow-up in 1-2 years, as long as the patient is not premenopausal
- >1.5 cm
- consider surgical or endovascular repair
- surgical treatment is recommended for aneurysms >2 cm in size
Modality of management depends on location:
- branch RAA: embolisation
- main renal artery RAA: ligation and bypass surgery, nephrectomy or stent placement
-<p><strong>Renal artery aneurysms (RAA)</strong> are considered the second most common visceral aneurysm (15-22%), most common being <a href="/articles/splenic-artery-aneurysm">splenic artery aneurysm</a> (60%). They are more common in females. Most of the lesions are saccular and tend to occur at the bifurcation of main renal artery.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>RAAs occur in ~0.09% of the population <sup>6</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Most cases are asymptomatic. Symptoms usually arise from rupture of aneurysm, embolisation of peripheral vascular bed or arterial thrombosis<sup> 1</sup>. Hypertension is associated in up to 73% cases of these aneurysm. Haematuria has also been reported in many cases.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Aetiology</h5><ul>- +<p><strong>Renal artery aneurysms (RAA)</strong> are considered the second most common visceral aneurysm (15-22%), most common being <a href="/articles/splenic-artery-aneurysm">splenic artery aneurysm</a> (60%). </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>RAAs occur in ~0.1% of the population <sup>6,8</sup>. They are more common in females <sup>ref</sup> with a median age of diagnosis of 50 years <sup>8</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Most cases are asymptomatic. Symptoms usually arise from rupture of an aneurysm, embolisation of peripheral vascular bed or arterial thrombosis<sup> 1</sup>. <a href="/articles/hypertension">Hypertension</a> is associated with ~75% of cases of these aneurysms. Haematuria has also been reported in many cases.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Approximately 20% of cases are bilateral. Mostly, the aneurysms are saccular and tend to occur at the bifurcation of the main renal artery or first-order branch <sup>8</sup>. </p><h5>Aetiology</h5><ul>
-</ul><h5>Angiography</h5><p>Aneurysms can be well detected and characterized by angiography, in terms of size, neck diameter and type.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Management depends on various factors like age, sex, severity of hypertension, anticipated pregnancy, and aneurysm morphology. In any young female with anticipated pregnancy, embolization or endovascular intervention is suggested. Pregnancy-associated RAA rupture is associated with 80% mortality.</p><p>Follow-up for renal artery aneurysm <sup>5</sup>:</p><ul>- +</ul><h5>Angiography (DSA)</h5><p>Aneurysms can be well detected and characterized by angiography, in terms of size, neck diameter and type.</p><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Management depends on various factors like age, sex, severity of hypertension, anticipated pregnancy, and aneurysm morphology. In any young female with anticipated pregnancy, embolization or endovascular intervention is suggested. Pregnancy-associated RAA rupture is associated with 80% mortality.</p><p>Follow-up for renal artery aneurysm <sup>5</sup>:</p><ul>
References changed:
- 8. Alan S. L. Yu, Glenn M. Chertow, Valerie Luyckx et-al. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney E-Book. (2015) <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?vid=ISBN9780323262590">ISBN: 9780323262590</a><span class="ref_v4"></span>
Image 10 CT (C+ arterial phase) ( create )
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