Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors
Updates to Article Attributes
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was changed:
Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours (GCT) include:
- Caucasians at higher risk than African Americans (9:1)
-
undescended testis
- 10-40x increased risk
- around 10% of all tumours are associated with undescended testis
- higher risk if intra-abdominal testis compared with intra-inguinal
- orchidopexy prior to puberty can reduce the tumour risk
- increased risk in the contralateral normally descended testis
- previous tumour in contralateral testis
- family history of testicular germ cell tumour
- 4x increase if father affected
- 9x if brother affected
-
testicular microlithiasis
- ~8x increased risk of GCT in symptomatic testicle with microlithiasis 1
- no increased risk found in asymptomatic testicles therefore screening is unlikely to be useful
- overall, microlithiasis is present in around 50% of GCT cases, but it is also very common in patients without cancer
- testicular dysgenesis
- other risk factors may include
- infections such as HIV, orchitis
- history of trauma
- organ transplant immunosuppression
See also
-<a title="orchidopexy" href="/articles/orchidopexy">orchidopexy</a> prior to puberty can reduce the tumour risk</li>- +<a href="/articles/orchidopexy">orchidopexy</a> prior to puberty can reduce the tumour risk</li>
-<li><a title="Testicular feminization syndrome" href="/articles/androgen-insensitivity-syndrome">testicular feminization</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/androgen-insensitivity-syndrome">testicular feminization</a></li>
-<li>organ transplant immunosuppression</li>- +<li>organ transplant <a href="/articles/immunosuppression">immunosuppression</a>
- +</li>
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