Splenic lesions and anomalies

Changed by Arlene Campos, 23 Jan 2024

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Disclosures - updated 9 Jun 2023: Nothing to disclose

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There are a number of splenic lesions and anomalies:

Gamuts

hypervascular splenic lesions

Congenital anomalies

Mass lesions

Benign mass lesions

splenic cyst
splenic pseudocyst
splenic haemangioma: most common benign splenic lesion
splenic lymphangioma
splenic hamartoma
sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT): fibrosing variant of hamartoma
extramedullary haematopoiesis in the spleen
splenic abscess: sonographically characterised by multiple “target” lesions
splenic hydatid cysts
splenic inflammatory pseudotumour⁷
splenic lipoma
splenic angiomyolipoma
splenic fibroma ⁷
sarcoidosis
focal splenic lesions in type I Gaucher disease ⁸
splenic haematoma ¹⁰

Indeterminate mass lesions

solitary fibrous tumours - range from indolent to aggressive (WHO grade 1-3)
littoral cell angioma of the spleen
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the spleen

Malignant mass lesions

splenic lymphoma: commonest malignant tumour with splenic involvement ²
angiosarcoma of spleen: commonest primary malignant splenic tumour³
splenic metastases: 50% of which are from malignant melanoma
splenic malignant fibrous histiocytoma ⁹

Diffuse infiltrative processes

These usually manifest as splenomegaly. Some can present as distinct lesions (e.g. granulomas).

Multifocal splenic lesions

Other abnormalities

splenic rupture
- traumatic: spleen is the most frequently injured intra-abdominal organ in blunt trauma ²
- non-traumatic
splenic infarction
splenosis
splenic peliosis

~~-<li><p><a href="https://www.radiopaedia.org/articles/inflammatory-myofibroblastic-tumour-of-the-spleen">inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the spleen</a></p></li>~~
+<li><p>i<a href="/articles/inflammatory-myofibroblastic-tumour-of-the-spleen" title="Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the spleen">nflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the spleen</a></p></li>

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