Splenomegaly
Updates to Article Attributes
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was changed:
Splenomegaly is a term which refers to enlargement of the spleen. The normal adult splenic length upper limit is usually around 12-15 cm.
Pathology
The causes of splenomegaly are protean, and can be thought of under a number of headings:
- haematological disease
- haemodynamic
- infectious
- storage diseases/metabolic/infiltrative disorders
- neoplastic (non-haematologic)
- traumatic
- connective tissue disorders
Haematological disease
- anaemias
- neoplastic/proliferative/redistribution of haematopoesis
Haemodynamic
- cirrhosis: portal hypertension (common)
- congestive splenomegaly (Banti syndrome)
- splenic vein obstruction
- portal vein obstruction
- right heart failure
Infection
- viral
- bacterial
- tuberculosis (miliary)
- tularemia
- subacute bacterial endocarditis
- typhoid fever
- brucellosis
- syphilis
- abscess
- fungal
- histoplasmosis (common)
- candidiasis
- parasitic disease
- malaria *
- schistosomiasis
- hydatid disease
- leishmaniasis kala-azar)
- rickettsial
- typhus
Storage diseases/metabolic/infiltrative disorders
- Gaucher disease
- glycogen storage disease
- mucopolysaccharidoses
- Niemann-Pick disease
- haemochromatosis
- amyloidosis
- porphyria
- sarcoidosis
Neoplastic (non-haematologic)
- lymphoma: (common)
- metastases (breast, lung, colon, ovary, melanoma)
- haemangioma
- lymphangioma
- angiosarcoma
Trauma
- haematoma
- pseduocyst
Connective tissue disorders
* = may cause massive splenomegaly 3
Radiographic features
The shape and orientation of a spleen makes accurate linear measurement difficult.
On CT, a splenic width measurement (largest anterior-posterior measurement on axial images) of > 10.5 cm is the most accurate single measurement for mild-to-moderate splenomegaly, while a cranial-caudal height measurement of > 14.6 cm is the most accurate single measurement for massive splenomegaly.4
On sonographic assessment, a length of 12 cm is generally considered the upper limit of normal.
See also
-</ul><p>* = may cause massive splenomegaly<sup> 3</sup></p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>The shape and orientation of a spleen makes accurate linear measurement difficult. On sonographic assessment, a length of 12 cm is generally considered the upper limit of normal.</p><h4>See also</h4><ul>- +</ul><p>* = may cause massive splenomegaly<sup> 3</sup></p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>The shape and orientation of a spleen makes accurate linear measurement difficult.</p><p>On CT, a splenic width measurement (largest anterior-posterior measurement on axial images) of > 10.5 cm is the most accurate single measurement for mild-to-moderate splenomegaly, while a cranial-caudal height measurement of > 14.6 cm is the most accurate single measurement for massive splenomegaly.<sup>4</sup></p><p>On sonographic assessment, a length of 12 cm is generally considered the upper limit of normal. </p><h4>See also</h4><ul>
References changed:
- 4. Nuffer Z, Marini T, Rupasov A, Kwak S, Bhatt S. The Best Single Measurement for Assessing Splenomegaly in Patients with Cirrhotic Liver Morphology. Acad Radiol. 2017;24(12):1510-6. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.06.006">doi:10.1016/j.acra.2017.06.006</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800952">Pubmed</a>
- 4. Nuffer Z, Marini T, Rupasov A, Kwak S, Bhatt S. The Best Single Measurement for Assessing Splenomegaly in Patients with Cirrhotic Liver Morphology. Acad Radiol. 2017;24(12):1510-6. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2017.06.006">doi:10.1016/j.acra.2017.06.006</a> - <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800952">Pubmed</a>
- 4. Nuffer Z, Marini T, Rupasov A, Kwak S, Bhatt S. The Best Single Measurement for Assessing Splenomegaly in Patients with Cirrhotic Liver Morphology. Academic Radiology. 2017.<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1076633217302970?_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_origin=gateway&_docanchor=&md5=b8429449ccfc9c30159a5f9aeaa92ffb&ccp=y">Academic Radiology (abstract)</a>
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