Thalidomide embryopathy
Updates to Synonym Attributes
Updates to Article Attributes
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Thalidomide embryopathy refers to a syndrome resulting from in utero exposure to thalidomide, and is characterized by multiple fetal anomalies. Fetal exposure to thalidomide occurred primarily from 1957 to 1961, when it was used as a treatment for nausea in pregnant women.
Epidemiology
Exposure to thalidomide in the first trimester carries a 10-50% risk of embryopathy. Over 10,000 children with severe birth defects due to thalidomide exposure were born between 1957 and 1961 worldwide.
Clinicopathological spectrum
Thalidomide exposure notably affects limb development, but can affect a wide range of systems. These include:
- limb abnormalities
- facial abnormalities
- congenital cardiac anomalies
- growth
-<li>limb abnormalities-<ul>-<li><a href="/articles/phocomelia" title="Phocomelia">phocomelia</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/amelia" title="amelia">amelia</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/congenital-talipes-equinovarus" title="Clubfeet">clubfeet</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/polydactyly" title="Polydactyly">polydactyly</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/radial-ray-anomaly" title="Radial ray anomalies">radial ray anomalies</a></li>- +<li>limb abnormalities<ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/phocomelia">phocomelia</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/amelia">amelia</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/congenital-talipes-equinovarus">clubfeet</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/polydactyly">polydactyly</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/radial-ray-anomaly">radial ray anomalies</a></li>
-</li>-<li>facial abnormalities-<ul>-<li><a href="/articles/microtia" title="Microtia">microtia</a></li>-<li>congenital <a href="/articles/facial-palsy" title="facial palsy">facial palsy</a>-</li>-<li><a href="/articles/abnormal-lacrimation" title="abnormal lacrimation">abnormal lacrimation</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/facial-clefts" title="Orofacial clefts">orofacial clefts</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/microphthalmia" title="Microphthalmia">microphthalmia</a></li>- +</li>
- +<li>facial abnormalities <ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/microtia">microtia</a></li>
- +<li>congenital <a href="/articles/facial-palsy">facial palsy</a>
- +</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/abnormal-lacrimation">abnormal lacrimation</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/facial-clefts">orofacial clefts</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/microphthalmia">microphthalmia</a></li>
-</li>-<li>congenital cardiac anomalies-<ul>-<li><a href="/articles/ventricular-septal-defect" title="ventricular septal defect">ventricular septal defects </a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/atrial-septal-defect-2" title="Atrial septal defect (ASD)">atrial septal defects</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/conotruncal-defect" title="conotruncal defect">conotruncal defects</a></li>- +</li>
- +<li>congenital cardiac anomalies<ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/ventricular-septal-defect">ventricular septal defects </a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/atrial-septal-defect-2">atrial septal defects</a></li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/conotruncal-defect">conotruncal defects</a></li>
-</li>-<li>growth-<ul><li><a href="/articles/intra-uterine-growth-restriction-2" title="Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)">intrauterine growth restriction</a></li></ul>-</li>- +</li>
- +<li>growth<ul><li><a href="/articles/intra-uterine-growth-restriction-2">intrauterine growth restriction</a></li></ul>
- +</li>
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