Thyroid malignancies
Disclosures
- updated 28 Aug 2022:
- 4ways diagostics, I work for this out sourcing company during non NHS hours (ongoing)
Updates to Article Attributes
Body
was changed:
Thyroid malignancies are most commonly primary thyroid cancers but can rarely be metastatic deposits.
Epidemiology
Risk factors
- head and neck irradiation (see radiation-induced thyroid cancer)
- family history of thyroid cancer
- age <30 or >60 years
- male
- >2 cm
Pathology
Classification
Thyroid malignancies can be categorised into the following key subtypes:
- primary thyroid cancers
- papillary thyroid carcinoma: 60-80% of carcinomas
- follicular thyroid carcinoma: 10-20%
- medullary thyroid carcinoma: 5%
- anaplastic thyroid carcinoma : 1-2%
-
thyroid lymphoma: ~2.5%
- primary thyroid lymphoma
- secondary thyroid involvement with lymphoma
- metastases to the thyroid: 1%
-
squamous cell carcinoma (rare) 4
- primary
- secondary
- direct invasion from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- metastatic disease
- carcinoma showing thymus-like elements (CASTLE) (rare)
Staging
For primary thyroid tumours see: staging of thyroid cancer.
-<p><strong>Thyroid </strong><strong>malignancies</strong> are most commonly primary thyroid cancers but can rarely be metastatic deposits.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><h5>Risk factors</h5><ul>-<li>head and neck irradiation (see <a href="/articles/radiation-induced-thyroid-cancer-1">radiation-induced thyroid cancer</a>)</li>-<li>family history of thyroid cancer</li>-<li>age <30 or >60 years</li>-<li>male</li>-<li>>2 cm </li>-</ul><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Classification</h5><p>Thyroid malignancies can be categorised into the following key subtypes:</p><ul>-<li>primary thyroid cancers<ul>-<li><a href="/articles/papillary-thyroid-cancer">papillary thyroid carcinoma</a>: 60-80% of carcinomas</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/follicular-thyroid-cancer">follicular thyroid carcinoma</a>: 10-20%</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/medullary-thyroid-carcinoma-1">medullary thyroid carcinoma</a>: 5%</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/anaplastic-thyroid-carcinoma">anaplastic thyroid carcinoma</a> : 1-2%</li>-</ul>-</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/thyroid-lymphoma">thyroid lymphoma</a>: ~2.5%<ul>-<li><a href="/articles/thyroid-lymphoma">primary thyroid lymphoma</a></li>-<li>secondary thyroid involvement with lymphoma</li>-</ul>-</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/metastases-to-the-thyroid">metastases to the thyroid</a>: 1%</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/thyroid-squamous-cell-carcinoma">squamous cell carcinoma</a> (rare) <sup>4</sup><ul>-<li>primary</li>-<li>secondary<ul>-<li>direct invasion from <a href="/articles/head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma-overview">head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</a>-</li>-<li>metastatic disease</li>-</ul>-</li>-</ul>-</li>-<li>-<a href="/articles/carcinoma-showing-thymus-like-elements-castle-of-the-thyroid">carcinoma showing thymus-like elements (CASTLE)</a> (rare)</li>- +<p><strong>Thyroid </strong><strong>malignancies</strong> are most commonly primary thyroid cancers but can rarely be metastatic deposits.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><h5>Risk factors</h5><ul>
- +<li>head and neck irradiation (see <a href="/articles/radiation-induced-thyroid-cancer-1">radiation-induced thyroid cancer</a>)</li>
- +<li>family history of thyroid cancer</li>
- +<li>age <30 or >60 years</li>
- +<li>male</li>
- +<li>>2 cm </li>
- +</ul><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Classification</h5><p>Thyroid malignancies can be categorised into the following key subtypes:</p><ul>
- +<li>primary thyroid cancers<ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/papillary-thyroid-cancer">papillary thyroid carcinoma</a>: 60-80% of carcinomas</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/follicular-thyroid-cancer">follicular thyroid carcinoma</a>: 10-20%</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/medullary-thyroid-carcinoma-1">medullary thyroid carcinoma</a>: 5%</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/anaplastic-thyroid-carcinoma">anaplastic thyroid carcinoma</a> : 1-2%</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/thyroid-lymphoma">thyroid lymphoma</a>: ~2.5%<ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/thyroid-lymphoma">primary thyroid lymphoma</a></li>
- +<li>secondary thyroid involvement with lymphoma</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/metastases-to-the-thyroid">metastases to the thyroid</a>: 1%</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/thyroid-squamous-cell-carcinoma">squamous cell carcinoma</a> (rare) <sup>4</sup><ul>
- +<li>primary</li>
- +<li>secondary<ul>
- +<li>direct invasion from <a href="/articles/head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma-overview">head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</a>
- +</li>
- +<li>metastatic disease</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/carcinoma-showing-thymus-like-elements-castle-of-the-thyroid">carcinoma showing thymus-like elements (CASTLE)</a> (rare)</li>
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